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INTRODUCTION Pakistan is primarily an agricultural based country and livestock plays a pivotal role in its economy, providing essential items of the human diet in the form of milk, meat and eggs. At present, livestock contributes about 51.8 per cent of agricultural value added and 11.3 per cent to the GDP (Government of Pakistan, 2008-09). The estimated total number of livestock in 2008-2009 was 154.3 million. Foreign earnings of the livestock...
Buffaloes are significant source of milk in this sub-continent contributing as high as 68.35% of the total milk yield in Pakistan, and 56.85% in total milk production in India. In addition to the milk, the buffalo contributes about 11.52% of the total ruminant meat, and about 2.7% of all meat produced in the region. The average annual growth rate in production was about 1.3%. Undoubtedly, majority of world´s buffalo meat...
The objective was to evaluate the effect of β-lactoglobulin ( β -lg) polymorphism and seasonality on milk composition (fat, lactose, total solids, milk urea nitrogen, total protein, true protein, casein and somatic cell counts) of Holstein and Girolando cows. Milk and blood samples from 278 Holsteins cows and 156 Girolando cows were taken during two dry seasons and two rainy seasons, for milk composition analysis and to determine ...
Advances in technology and research have had major impacts on dairy management practices and performance of dairy cattle. With higher levels of milk production, there is a continuing increase in the requirements for energy, protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins. Also, just as important as the nutritional needs of high producing cows are the various management strategies needed to achieve and maintain those higher levels of milk production. In short, the many...
ABSTRACT The present research was conducted to determine effects of high temperature (120 °C) on milk proteins. In the first half of the experiment, the protein contents of the selected milk samples at room temperature were determined by Eko-Milk analyzer. Afterwards the milk samples were subjected for the temperature treatment in autoclave at 120 °C for 20 minutes and protein contents of the milk were...
ABSTRACT: Milk is the product of various biological reactions occurring inside the animal's body coupled with external environmental factors. The unfavorable subtropical conditions are not only affecting the quantity of milk but also its quality. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of physiological states and management on milk composition and yield in crossbred cattle. A total of 58 crossbred cows were selected from a large...
By Chris TEO
Almost a year has passed since the eruption of the melamine-tainted milk scandal that still reverberates across the globe; China's dairy industry is recovering steadily, albeit under a large current of sweeping changes.
Before the massive scandal that unravelled last September which killed six infants and sickened some 300,000 children, the use of melamine to artificially boost protein content in milk products was a common industry practice and an open trade...
The genetic predisposition of cows has an effect on the fat and protein content of their milk. Researchers at Wageningen University have spent the past few years examining the scope and significance of genetic variation between cows for the differences in quality characteristics of milk. They have discovered a number of genes that contribute to this genetic variation. The research was carried out as part of the large-scale Milk Genomics project that Wageningen...
Scientists are endeavouring to combine knowledge of the composition of milk with knowledge of the natural variation in the cow's inherited traits. The aim is to be able to select cows on the basis of specific milk qualities. The future will probably not give us milkshakes or yoghurt straight from the udder. And yet - perhaps a new Danish-Swedish research project that will be launched at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, will in the future...
There is little doubt that raw milk is the most scrutinized agricultural commodity. Appendix N of the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance requires that all bulk tank milk be tested for beta-lactam antibiotics. This document also sets the regulatory levels for somatic cell counts (SCC) and bacteria levels in raw bulk tank milk. Milk processors are required to perform the regulatory testing. Many progressive milk processors provide premiums for high quality milk (low SCC and bacteria counts). From the...
Milk quality does count. When dairies consistently achieve production of low SCC and low bacteria count milk, everyone wins - the cow, the dairy, the processor, and the consumer. Since low SCC cows also produce milk more efficiently, the environment wins too. Over the past 5 years since we began emphasizing the importance of milk quality through the Quality Count$ program, Minnesota dairy producers have consistently improved milk SCC quality every year. The current weighted...
Repeatability is the concept that what happened in the past is going to happen in the future, given similar conditions. For example, if a cow had an above average lactation yield, is she expected to remain above average in the next lactation? Some traits and events are more repeatable than others. It is documented in the scientific literature that people are not very good at estimating the repeatability of events. We often believe some biological events are highly repeatable, when in fact...
Scientists in Germany are reporting development of a new, more effective method to determine whether milk marketed as "organic" is genuine or just ordinary milk mislabeled to hoodwink consumers. Their report appears in the current edition of ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , a bi-weekly publication.
In the study, Joachim Molkentin and colleagues point out that organic milk has soared in popularity in many countries. Sales in Germany, for instance, rose by...
Switzerland is known for high quality. When we think of Swiss chocolate, watches, the Swiss Army knife or other items, we always think of quality. The people of Switzerland seem to have a quality mind set in whatever they do. Therefore, it should be no surprise to us that the Swiss have the world's highest quality milk. Since 1992, the national average somatic cell count (SCC) in Switzerland has been just over 100,000.
The pressure is on the...
A cow with a name produces more milk than one without, scientists at Newcastle University have found.
Drs Catherine Douglas and Peter Rowlinson have shown that by giving a cow a name and treating her as an individual, farmers can increase their annual milk yield by almost 500 pints.
The study, published online today in the academic journal Anthrozoos, found that on farms where each cow was called by her name the overall milk yield was higher than on farms where the cattle...
The major components of raw milk are water, fat, protein, lactose, and minerals. These components can be influenced by many factors, including genetics and nutrition. Nutrition or dietary influences readily alter the principle solids constituents of fat concentration and milk protein concentration. Fat concentration is the most sensitive to dietary changes and can be altered over a range of nearly 3.0 percentage units. Milk protein concentration can also be altered by dietary...
With disease outbreaks linked to unpasteurized milk rising in the United States, a review published in the January 1, 2009 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases examines the dangers of drinking raw milk.
Milk and dairy products are cornerstones of a healthy diet. However, if those products are consumed unpasteurized, they can present a serious health hazard because of possible contamination with pathogenic bacteria. An average of 5.2 outbreaks per year linked to raw milk...
Milking equipment function can have a profound negative impact on teat end health and overall milk quality. On the flip side, if we properly maintain equipment function we can positively impact the bottom line, udder and teat health, bulk tank somatic cell count and ultimately milk quality. It is important to remember that the goal of milking is to harvest as much milk as possible as efficiently as possible. However, this is a careful balancing act between efficiency and teat end health....