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Introduction Nano particles exhibit unique biological, physical and chemical properties based on specific characteristics such as shape, size, distribution and surface morphology. Synthesis of nano particles through biochemical routes, using plant and algal extracts as reducing and capping agents, has received special attention among others, due to maintaining an aseptic environment during the synthetic process [1-7]. Therefore, medicinal plants and algae having well established...
Introduction Press and Evensen (1999) mentioned that species variation in the morphology of the immune system is to be expected, given the large number and diversity of species within the teleost fishes. Several external and internal factors can influence the activity of innate immune parameters. Temperature changes, handling and crowding stress can have suppressive effects on innate parameters, whereas several food additives and immunostimulants can enhance different innate...
INTRODUCTION Aquaculture is the fastest growing source of animal protein for humans. However, as this industry continues to develop, several inherent challenges will arise. Foremost is the need for increased production of suitable and sustainable feeds. Aquaculture has long been criticized for ‘‘using fish protein to make fish protein’’ ( Naylor et al., 2009 ). This ‘‘fishmeal trap’’ ( New & Wijkström, 2002 )...
INTRODUCTION Aquaculture is the fastest growing sector of food animal production in the world and supplies an increasing percentage of the total production of fish for human consumption ( FAO, 2012 ). Nowadays, Egyptian fish production from aquaculture contributed by 80% of total fish production which amounted 1.8 million metric tons ( Abdelhamid, 2019a ). Tilapia in different countries is farmed with fertilization and/or supplementary feeding. Feed is the highest...
Introduction The omnivorous Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) is an important commercially farmed species worldwide due to characteristics such as strong disease resistance, fast growth and the ability to accept lower cost diets with terrestrial-based ingredients ( Ng and Romano, 2013 ). Fish production costs are increasing while fish price in the market is relatively stable ( Tacon and Metian, 2015 ). Increased price of fish feed is one of...
1. Introduction Teleosts fish species are one of the largest sources of protein for humans through their extensive production in aquaculture. There has been a growing trend in the last decades into the use of genomics to improve our disease control and prevention strategies against various diseases infecting different fish species in aquaculture. As such, genomics studies in aquaculture have evolved from reductionist single gene sequencing to high throughput next (HTS)...
Background Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the causative agent of a contagious fish disease by the same name and is responsible for economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. In 2015, this viral agent represented about 30% of disease diagnoses reported from Chilean salmon farming centers and caused about 8% of pathogen-associated mortalities [1]. Infections with IPNV mainly occur in the freshwater or fry first-feeding stages, but fingerlings of most...
1. INTRODUCTION The field of nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas in modern materials science. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles and nanomaterials as an emerging highlight has been widely attributed in the convergence of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences which opens the avenues and possibilities for wide variety of biological research and medical uses at cellular and molecular level. In the current scenario, the use of biocompatible nanoparticles in...
Unprecedented demand for a slew of seafood products is likely to boost the U.S. crustacean market size as aquaculture seafood products continue to gain momentum in the region. Trend for commercial seafood products among millennial and gen Z population at various outlets will become more noticeable in the U.S. The commercial landings at ports by U.S. fishermen were pegged at close to 10 billion pounds (9.9 bn), valued at $5.4 bn in 2017.
Crustaceans have been gaining traction in...
Introduction. Organic selenium (OSe) has an advantage in reducing oxidative stress in comparison to inorganic forms and incorporates into skeletal muscles, kidney, liver, and gastrointestinal mucosa proteins as selenomethionine and selenocysteine. It is an essential micronutrient for fish (Martinez-Alvarez et al., 2005). Yeast cell wall has been proven as an immunostimulant and health improver for fish and other animals (Selim & Reda, 2015). Materials...