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Viral diseases in poultry
If you ask poultry producers what damage viruses can do to their business, they will understandably think mostly about major diseases such as avian influenza, Gumboro disease or respiratory infections such as Infectious Bronchitis virus. However, this is merely the tip of the iceberg. Viral challenges can be the triggers for a whole range of problems which may never even appear as clinical disease but can have an even more devastating effect on overall flock performance, production and profits. They can affect one or more of the birds’ body systems, the most significant of which are the respiratory tract (lungs and air sacs), the skeletal system (bones and joints) or the intestinal tract (affecting gut function). Although other factors such as environment, nutrition and management play an important role in the full expression of diseases affecting these systems, the most significant underlying trigger is usually an infectious agent, and the most potent of these are undoubtedly viruses.
Introduction
Vectorized vaccines against Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) are the product of genetic engineering, been developed by ion of genes from the LT virus in a viral vector, which in this case is the avian smallpox virus. The objective for the development of a vaccine with these features was, among others, to achieve a sufficient level immunity so that vaccinated poultry were able to...
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Introduction Infectious bursal disease is an acute, highly contagious disease of young chickens, resulting in immunosuppression and mortality (Toro et al ., 2009; van den Berg et al ., 2000; Di Fabio et al ., 1999). The viral genome codifies for 5 proteins. Viral protein 2 (VP2) is the main structural protein of the capsid, where the neutralizing epitopes...
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Introduction
Infectious bronchitis, diagnosed for the first time in 1932, continues causing severe losses in poultry farming around the world, despite the existence of vaccines from the 1950s. Many of the problems of partial protection conferred by the vaccines in use have been attributed to the great variability of immune profiles of the bronchitis virus. (Niester et al ., 1986)
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Introduction During the last decades, infectious bronchitis in hens, (BIG), has caused enormous economic losses in the poultry industry. Its main prophylactic measure is based in the use of attenuated live vaccines, combined or not, with inactivated vaccines (Cavanagh & Naqi, 1997). In general terms, vaccination of flocks against the virus of infectious bronchitis in hens (VBIG) is performed at day one, after birth,...
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Introduction The Newcastle disease virus in its velogenic form continues to be a serious problem in the poultry industry worldwide. Biosecurity and vaccination measures are the more effective control methods currently available. However, the antigenic and genetic diversity of the virus has put a phylogenetic distance of the current vaccine strains from the recent velogenic isolates found in Central and South America...
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Vaccines are used to prevent or reduce problems that can occur when a poultry flock is exposed to field disease organisms. Vaccinations should be thought of as insurance. Like insurance, there is a price to be paid for protection against a potential threat. Costs include price of the vaccine, time spent designing the vaccination schedule and administering the vaccines, and losses due to vaccine reactions from the live-type vaccines...
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New nutritional solution in heat stress management. <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>: An ally to fight heat stress
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The trachea is an important defense line in the respiratory system and whole body system. The essential weapons of the trachea are cilia and mucosal secretions any fault in behavior of the weapons due to escape of the organisms and affect the body. How do pathogens affect the trachea?? 1-ND Newcastle disease: this disease due to cilia less of the trachea after 2 days of infection. 2-IB infection bronchitis: this virus affected the subepithelial cells of the trachea and due...
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M. Paniago, Regional Marketing Manager for Ceva Animal Health Asia Pacific, gave a lecture at Poultry Focus Asia 2010 in Bangkok, Thailand about Innovative diagnosis and prevention tools for Gumboro disease....
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Effects of Amino Acids on Immune Responses and Gut Health in Poultry
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Reoviruses are widespread in nature and have been isolated from a variety of animals. These viruses have also been isolated from humans and in fact the name reovirus is a mnemonic for respiratory (r) enteric (e) orphan (o) since the virus was isolated from the human respiratory and enteric tract, but was not associated with disease. In some species of mammals (primarily mice) these viruses have caused liver, pancreatic, lung, and heart disease and central nervous system...
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Since about 1999, West Nile Virus (WNV) has become a public health concern in the United States. Previously known to exist in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, WNV first occurred on the East Coast and has spread west to other states, including Kansas. Since appearing in the United States, there have been WNV cases in wild and exotic birds, bats, horses, small mammals and humans. Crows and blue jays are particularly susceptible to the effects of WNV and often die. However, most healthy animals...
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Avian gut health and physiological changes in the host - Michael Kogut
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Australian poultry producers are benefiting from a range of rapid, cost-effective diagnostic tests previously unavailable in Australia thanks to a Poultry CRC project being undertaken at The University of Melbourne. According to the project leader, Dr. Amir Noormohammadi, the industry has been very happy with the vastly improved turn-around time for test results as well as the increased level of understanding these tests now give us thanks to improved...
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Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) is usually considered to be a backyard flock problem. However, this disease continues to plague the poultry industry with sporadic episodes across the province of Ontario. Due to the persistent, latent, infectious nature of the virus, it can perpetuate itself, even after vaccination. Rolling reaction from chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccines and transmission from backyard flocks keeps the industry at high alert for this disease. ILT is on the list of four...
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APIs and Vitamin MARKET - The weak demand for the APIs
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Laboratory testing shows that flies exposed to a food source infected with exotic Newcastle disease (END) can pick up the virus and carry it for several days, perhaps later passing it on to chickens that eat the food. “Flies can carry END virus and evidence is mounting that flies may be able to transmit the virus between chickens,” says Alec Gerry, UC Riverside assistant veterinary entomologist. END is a contagious and fatal viral disease affecting the respiratory,...
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Globion India Private Limited, the newly-incorporated subsidiary of Suguna Poultry Group, is setting up a poultry vaccine manufacturing facility in Hyderabad at an investment of Rs 42 crore. The foundation stone for the facility was laid by state minister for major industries, sugar, commerce and export promotion J Geeta Reddy on last Friday. “The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC) has allotted 10 acres to the company in the phase III of Genome...
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In 1974, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved selenium as a feed supplement, inorganic selenium, primarily as sodium selenite, became the traditional source for dietary supplemental selenium for poultry and livestock (Leeson and Summers, 1991). That decision in 1974 was based on cost of the selenium supplements and lack of information on selenomethionine, and it was ironic because the commonly used plant- and animal-based feed ingredients contain selenium almost...
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Avian influenza A (AI) H5N1, also known as Asian bird flu, is at the forefront of nearly every daily news report around the world. The reason for this intense interest in AI H5N1 is due to the growing fear that a global pandemic might occur if exchange of genetic material between H5N1 and a human influenza virus results in a virus that can be transmitted from person to person. Avian influenza A viruses pose the threat of initiating new pandemics in humans because the human population...
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The Ohio State University Center for Diagnostic Assays announces a significant diagnostic discovery. Animal Health Scientist, Daral Jackwood, Ph.D. has developed a validated REAL-TIME RT-PCR ASSAY (patent pending) for the rapid detection of nucleotide sequences that are unique to very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (vvIBDV) strains affecting the poultry industry. This new assay distinguishes vvIBDV strains from non-vvIBDV classic and variant strains. IBDV is one of the most...
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Ohio State University's Center for Diagnostic Assays (CDA) has come up with a first-of-its-kind test for the detection of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV), a highly contagious disease of poultry that is causing major losses to this multibillion-dollar industry worldwide and is threatening to invade the U.S. Daral Jackwood, a molecular biologist with the university's Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP) on the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development...
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There is huge population of local and cross poultry birds in the rural areas of punjab Pakistan. They are vaccinated against ND,locally produced in Punjab. butt the pervalance of disease is high. ...
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Laboratory results received today have confirmed Newcastle Disease on a poultry holding in East Lothian. The results from Veterinary Laboratories Agency in Weybridge follow investigation of suspect disease at the holding in Fenton Barns, Drem. Newcastle Disease is a disease of poultry. It is not Avian Influenza and has no significant implications for public health. In response to this confirmation the Scottish Executive, Defra and the State Veterinary Service are...
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