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Genomic selection in poultry
Genomic selection is a recent paradigm shift for animal breeding. The availability of hundreds of thousands of markers covering the entire genome has provided an opportunity to increase the accuracy of estimated breeding values, better manage genetic variation and shorten generation intervals. The development of technology enables more accurate and efficient selection of breeding animals. This is particularly relevant for poultry, for which short generation intervals and relatively large populations allow rapid genetic progress. Over recent decades, we have seen implementation of increasingly complex and computationaly demanding statistical approaches to assess the genetic value of an individual using phenotypic and pedigree information. With the availability of genome sequence and the development of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA marker chips, further improvements can be achieved. Over the last 50 years, genetic selection in poultry has proven to be extremely successful.
Introduction Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an acute clostridial disease of economic importance to the poultry industry [1]. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, and oxygen-tolerant anaerobe [2]. C. perfringens is a normal component of the chicken gut microbiota and the alterations in the hostpathogen relationship that regulate the development of NE remain to be determined [3]....
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Background The chicken is an important animal for several reasons. In addition to being a major source of protein in the world, it is valuable to the understanding of genome evolution because of its relationship to mammals. The chicken genome sequence assembly was completed in 2004 with a six-fold whole genome shotgun (Sanger) coverage. It was the first avian genome to be sequenced [1] and, therefore, holds a place in...
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William M. Muir, Professor of Animal Sciences at Purdue University, speaks about new selection methods for layer performance and potential impacts on behavior and management. ...
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Shlomo Jahav, Professor and Head of the Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, Institute of Animal Science, ARO The Volcani Center, speaks about the great challenges the poultry production faces like how to increase production performance and quality and how to improve thermotolerance. ...
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Genomic selection is a truly revolutionary breeding technology that creates enormous potential for increase of genetic progress for egg laying traits in poultry and opens up new options for genetic improvement. ...
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"New developments in genomics have provided opportunities to enhance breeding programs in poultry by being able to genotype large numbers of individuals for tens of thousands of genetic markers across the genome at a reasonable cost," remarked Dr. Jack Dekkers of Iowa State University. He presented to breeder specialists and geneticists at the recent 2011 National Breeders Roundtable, sponsored by the Poultry Breeders of America and U.S. Poultry & Egg...
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Euribrid announces the first large-scale commercial use of "Genomic Selection" technology in poultry. This is also the first time such a large set of DNA markers has been used in commercial animal breeding. The animals for this application were born on November 22, 2006. Although the basics of this technology are available, large-scale use of this application is still rare.
Genomic Selection is a process that allows researchers to check essential traits of an animal even before it is...
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The effect of heat stress on broiler performance and strategies to reduce this effect
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We may soon be thanking Michigan State University chicken No. 256 for better treatments or even new vaccines for the flu and other human ailments.
As the first bird and the first agricultural animal to have its genome sequenced, the chicken is paving the way for research on human diseases, as well as studies on chicken breeding to benefit agriculture. An international consortium of scientists that includes an MAES researcher analyzed the chicken genome and published a paper in the Dec. 9...
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Here's something to ponder when you bite into your next chicken wing: A new study says about 60 percent of the genes in the critter you're eating have close cousins in your own DNA.
In fact, the recently deciphered chicken genome should prove a valuable tool for learning about the human version, researchers say in their first detailed analysis of it.
The work is presented by an international team of scientists in the Dec. 9 issue of the journal Nature. The chicken's genome is the first...
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Move over, Human Genome Project. Other creatures are in line to get their genes decoded, with hoped-for benefits including not just healthier, longer-living humans but also tastier steaks and sweeter honey. It took 13 years, $300 million US and hundreds of washing machine-sized computers for government-supported scientists to produce the precise chemical code that is the human genetic blueprint.
Now, all that computing power is being used to produce the genetic codes of all sorts of...
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