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Swine manure treatment
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Two major elements that are of concern in nutrient management, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), also contribute to the odor of swine manure. Nitrogen is particularly important because it is a component in ammonia. The amount of N and P that are excreted as waste are affected by three factors (Reese and Koelsch, 2000): * The amount of N and P consumed; * The proportion of the N and P consumed that are used for growth and...
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One of the greatest problems facing pig producers today is manure and lagoon management. There is a constant pressure to produce an excellent product and to keep the consumer satisfied with the environment. Large-scale swine production units give off an unpleasant odor, which upsets many neighbors. In addition, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia are found in manure on the feedlot floor. These chemicals, in high concentrations, can be deadly to pigs or feedlot employees. High levels...
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Swine waste is often used as fertilizer for agricultural land. However, producers in regions with intensive animal production must pay particular attention to the nutrient content in manure because of negative environmental impacts due to the buildup of nutrients. Phosphorus, in particular, is of concern due to its propensity to build up in the soil and run off into surrounding water sources. This leaching leads to a high phosphorus content and low nitrogen content. Leaching also results in...
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New research being conducted by the University of Manitoba is looking for ways to manage livestock manure without imposing significant risks to the environment. As part of a multidisciplinary project, at the National Centre for Livestock and the Environment at Glenlea, scientists will be monitoring the movement of phosphorus, nitrogen and other nutrients and micro nutrients in the soil and the uptake of nutrients by crops under two cropping systems. Dr. Don Flaten, a professor in...
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The University of Manitoba is encouraging swine producers to consider a combination of strategies to ease the transition from nitrogen livestock manure application limits to phosphorus based limits. Manitoba livestock producers have until November 2008 to comply with new phosphorus based livestock manure application regulations or qualify for a five year extension by submitting a nutrient management plan outlining a compliance strategy. Manure typically contains more phosphorus...
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During the past two decades pork production in the US has grown in numbers only slightly. However, there has been a shift in both where these animals are grown and how they are grown. There is still a high concentration in the traditional midwestern cornbelt, but there has been rapid growth in the southeast, especially North Carolina. Most animals today are raised in specialized confinement housing facilities designed as environmental growth chambers. This presents both an environmental...
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In two long buildings in Carroll county, Indiana, some 8,000 pigs are doing what they do best: eating, defecating and squealing. But livestock operations like this one are increasingly under scrutiny. Above the pigs' heads are instruments measuring dust and noxious fumes. Farther east, in Randolph county, the local planning commission will vote next month on whether to limit the expansion of pig farms. As America's pig, cattle and poultry farms have become bigger and more...
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Good management, maintenance and waste disposal, can greatly reduce odors emitted from swine operations, said one Purdue University expert. "Producers who own confined animal feeding operations can make their farms more attractive to neighbors by using practical management practices to reduce odor emissions," said Alan Sutton, professor of animal sciences at Purdue. New operations can begin the management process by using properly designed facilities, and older...
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Feeding ethanol co-products to hogs should reduce the need for supplemental phosphorus in feed rations. Jerry Shurson, Extension swine specialist with the University of Minnesota, says the P in co-products, such as distillers grains, is more available to the hog than P found in corn. This means less P ends up in manure. He says research indicates adding 20 percent dry distillers grains (DDGS) to a nursery diet should result in the greatest reduction in phosphorus in manure, if the...
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Research conducted by the University of Manitoba shows swine manure fertilizer dramatically increases the yield and quality of forage on hay and pasture land. As part of a multi disciplinary research project underway near LaBroquerie, researchers are evaluating the productivity and environmental sustainability of using liquid swine manure fertilizer on hay and pasture land. Colleen Wilson, a recent graduate of the University of Manitoba's Masters Program in Animal Science,...
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Concern has been growing about the environmental effects of gases emitted from livestock production systems. Odour from manure is a nuisance for people in the vicinity of the farm, while ammonia is a pollutant for nature areas. More than 100 odorous compounds have been identified in animal houses. Sulphides, volatile fatty acids (VFA), phenols, indoles, ammonia and volatile amines are considered to be the major odorous compounds. Generally, a poor relationship between ammonia emission and...
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Centrifuge manure separation, a technology which is new to western Canada, is proving itself to be an effective option for reducing the phosphorus content of swine manure. The use of centrifuge-based solid-liquid manure separation was pioneered in France about 20 years ago and the technology is now being used extensively in Europe. The process uses a centrifuge which turns at about 4500 RPM to separate liquid manure into two parts, a liquid fraction which includes most of the nitrogen...
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The routine use of antibiotics in swine production can have unintended consequences, with antibiotic resistance genes sometimes leaking from waste lagoons into groundwater. In a new study, researchers at the University of Illinois report that some genes found in hog waste lagoons are transferred – “like batons” – from one bacterial species to another. The researchers found that this migration across species and into new environments sometimes dilutes – and sometimes amplifies – genes...
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Proposals setting out how farmers might help to improve water quality by making changes to their farming practices were published yesterday in three consultation documents from Defra. • The revised Code of Good Agricultural Practice, which offers practical guidance to farmers, brings together into a single document the previously separate codes for Air, Soil and Water. It provides the base line of protection for waters from nitrate and phosphate pollution. • The Nitrates...
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Extracts and preparations of the desert plant Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies (Mohave yucca), family Lillaceae, have a variety of beneficial effects when included in the diets of humans and domestic animals. Such effects include reduced gastrointestinal and faecal ammonia levels. Y. schidigera is the principal active component of De-Odorase (Alltech). The objective of the recent studies discussed in this review was to investigate metabolic changes associated with performance...
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There is much talk across the world, in locations as wide apart and diverse as the UK and New Zealand for example, about food safety and animal welfare. While these are important areas of concern to the pig producer, the threat of pollution from farm livestock is an ever-increasing one, even if it gets comparatively less media coverage at the present time. This paper by two livestock consultants working at the sharp end of farm advice and based at opposite ends of the world deals with...
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Less greenhouse gas—and more carbon credits per pig—are the latest environment-friendly benefits being credited to an innovative hog waste-management system invented by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists.
The system was introduced in 2004 by soil scientists Matias Vanotti, Ariel Szögi and Patrick Hunt at the ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, Florence, S.C., and their colleagues. It's being called the "Super Soil System," after Super Soil Systems USA Inc.,...
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Introduction Livestock production is becoming more concentrated in many parts of the world and pork production is no exception. This is particularly evident when examining a recent Canadian report (Saskatchewan Agriculture Food and Rural Revitalization, Statistics Canada, 2003) showing the pig densities per square mile in different countries of the world (Table 1). More and more people residing in rural areas...
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Pig producers on large intensive units have only six weeks to apply for Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) permits.
These licences will be required for all intensive units with more than 750 sow places or 2,000 places for finishing pigs over 30kg. Large scale units without an IPPC permit after January 2007 could face prosecution.
IPPC applications must be submitted between now and mid January to the Environment Agency.
The application will include an Application Site...
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The Canadian pork industry has introduced the latest draft of a software package designed to help swine producers calculate the number of greenhouse gas offset credits they may be able to sell.
The Pork Greenhouse Gas Project Builder is a computer based calculator which allows the swine producer to quantify his operation's greenhouse gas emissions and determine the number of offset credits that will be generated by adopting certain technologies or production practices.
The latest draft...
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