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Swine manure treatment
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Research underway at the National Centre for Livestock and the Environment suggests higher manure handling and labour costs in straw based swine housing may be offset by reduced veterinary costs and lower culling rates.
Researchers with the University of Manitoba's Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences have been comparing sows raised in conventional slatted floor systems to those raised in groups housed on straw since 2006.
As well as evaluating differences in the manure...
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Air quality is an assessment of how many contaminants (particulates, vapours) are present in addition of the various gases constituting normal, clean air. The more contaminants present in the air, the lower the air quality is. The main contaminants in swine buildings are dust, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, various micro-organisms and other gases. The air of swine confinement buildings is highly contaminated with bacteria, yeast and moulds at a level up to 1,200 times...
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An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. This famous quote by Ben Franklin is the essence of Biosecurity. There are many very visual practices we undertake and are familiar with in the name of biosecurity. Entrance showering, downtime, cleaning of anything brought in to the farm..... What about inside the barn??? When we are finished a cycle we clean a room in preparation of the next cycle. The idea is to clean and disinfect the room, to reduce the challenge for the oncoming...
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A recent study in Missouri reveals an effective way to lower air pollution from animal feeding operations.
Animal feeding operations are an important emission source of air pollutants including methane and carbon dioxide-known greenhouse gases. Recent inventories suggest that animal manure makes a significant contribution to global methane emissions. As a consequence, greenhouse gas emissions can potentially become a limiting factor in the development and sustainability of...
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One of the least sought-after tasks on the farm, manure sampling, is also one of the most profitable!
Manure supplies nutrients for crop growth, organic matter for soil conditioning, and decreases the need to purchase off-farm nutrients. Manure analysis will give a tangible depiction of the amount of nutrients available.
The nutrient content of each type of manure will vary, depending on livestock genetics, feed ingredients, type of bedding, and the amount of washwater or...
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Samples were collected weekly during the spring and summer months and once every two to three weeks during the fall months. Weather conditions were also recorded on each sampling day. Sampling began in April, 2004 and continued through November, 2005. Average seasonal emissions were calculated for each cell and gas for the spring, summer, and fall seasons and are expressed in terms of g of CO 2 -equivalent/m2-day. Annual emissions were calculated by multiplying the seasonal emissions...
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The purpose of this study was to optimize operating conditions for a process that treats liquid manure at high pressure and high temperature to produce oil and a char-like solid, both low-odor products. Summary In the first stage research, a batch thermochemical (TCC) reactor was developed and a systematic investigation of process parameters conducted. TCC process parameters include operating temperature, type and initial pressure of...
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The ammonia emission from simulated urine puddles under controlled conditions was measured for a range of temperature, airspeed and concentration levels to determine if any or all of these factors affect the rate and amount that ammonia is produced from urine puddles on the floor of a barn. The measurements provide a basis for considering the effect of ammonia emissions from urine puddles on the amount of ammonia production and the ammonia production pattern in a swine...
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The effectiveness of a manure scraper system for reducing the risk of barn worker and animal exposure to hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) was evaluated by comparing gas levels in two identical grow-finish rooms, one with manure scraper system installed (Scraper) and the other was a typical swine room (Control) with conventional manure pit-plug system. The H 2 S concentrations in the Scraper room were significantly lower by 90% compared to the Control room (p<0.05). Ammonia...
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The summer season is upon us, and as liquid manure storage temperatures begin to rise, thus producing odor, so may the concerns of those living near your operation. It may seem odd to begin a greenhouse gas article with comments on manure storage odors, but there is a remarkable similarity between periods of significant manure odor and greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Warmer temperatures mean more microbial activity in your storage, and this in turn increases the amount of microbial by-products...
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Snowfluent is a Canadian technology which atomizes wastewater effluent and sprays it into the air at cold temperatures. It has been found effective in treating municipal sewage and food processing wastes. To test whether it had applications for the treatment of liquid hog manure, a pilot study was conducted in 1997 at a 300 sow, farrow-to-finish operation near Vegreville, Alberta. The treatment was found to offer significant benefits to pork producers, in reducing odour from their lagoons and...
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Want to Save Aeration Energy? Try to Remove Solids in Pig Manure Prior to Aeration The recent research conducted at the University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center at Waseca has indicated that the manure solids content plays an important role in affecting oxygen transfer into the treated liquid. The study used fresh swine manure with four solids contents, i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%, to investigate several parameters reflecting the efficiency...
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Methods for measuring concentrations and emission rates of particulate matter (PM) from mechanically ventilated livestock buildings were evaluated in a laboratory facility and in a swine-finishing barn. Concentrations of PM were measured inside the room (room sampling) and at the exhaust duct (exhaust sampling). Concentrations at the exhaust duct were determined using high-volume traverse downstream of the exhaust fan, low-volume traverse downstream of the fan, and fixed sampling upstream and...
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Research in Soil Science Society of America Journal shows that changing the availability of phosphorous in swine diet leads to a slower accumulation of phosphorus in the soil. Swine production generates large amounts of waste. While this waste contains nutrients that may serve as fertilizer when applied to agricultural fields, the ratio of nutrients in the waste is different than what a crop requires. Application of waste to meet the nitrogen needs of a crop results in application of...
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MANURE MANAGEMENT 1) Repair and replace penning, flooring, etc. which causes spilled water, or manure and urine to lie on floors and alleyways. This raises ammonia and humidity levels in the winter and reduces the room temperature, as it takes energy to evaporate this liquid. 2) Check slats and penning support ledges for locations where manure can build-up. This provides a haven for flies...
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Hydrogen sulfide is one of the compounds contributing to the stink from manure storage pits on hog farms. Microbial activity in the manure releases the hydrogen sulfide and other compounds. Today, at an American Society of Microbiology meeting in Boston, Mass., Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientist Cheryl Spence reports the results of a study in which "dusting" hog manure with borax powder--the same substance used in laundry detergents--helps to neutralize the malodorous...
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Grain and oilseed growers are cutting their production costs by exercising the recycling option and using livestock manure to displace some of the commercial fertilizer normally applied to boost crop quality and yield. With strong prices for most crops, growers are anxious to maximize yields. However, dramatic increases in the cost of commercial fertilizer, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, have tempered that enthusiasm. Many growers are considering trimming application rates to save dollars...
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Liquid aluminum chloride can be added to swine manure at most types of production facilities. This may occur in the pit inside the production facility or in a retention pond or lagoon. This may occur on a regular basis or prior to application of manure as a fertilizer.The aluminum chemically binds phosphorus tightly enough to reduce potential losses to surface water through runoff. Purposes: • Reduce phosphorus losses from...
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Detecting antibiotics in the environment could become easier to do, thanks to portable field kits developed and validated by a team of scientists from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Abraxis, LLC and the Czech Republic. The team conducted studies showing that the kits, called enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), accurately detected trace amounts of sulfonamides, also known as "sulfa drugs," in wastewater samples. When these drugs are excreted in urine, for example, they...
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Sidedressing pre-emergent corn in the spring with swine manure produces yields comparable to applying commercial fertilizer, according to Ohio State University Extension research. Coming off of several years of research that showed that applying swine manure to post-emergent corn produced comparable or higher yields to commercial urea, OSU Extension educators in Putnam and Hancock counties hoped to find the same results in treating pre-emergent corn. “We want to find out if...
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