By:Jessika Ibarrola – van Leeuwen. PhD, Species Manager Swine
Gastritis (gastric ulcers) is one of the most important non-infectious causes of morbidity and mortality in modern swine production units. In general on-farm mortality is between 1- 2% but can reach 12% on problem farms. Slaughter data show that the incidence of ulcerous lesions vary between 30-80%.
Symptoms and causes of gastritis
Gastritis is a multifactorial disease which is characterized by parakeratosis of the gastric mucosa. This can be seen as the typical yellow colorations in the stomach wall at slaughter. When the condition becomes more severe deeper erosions of the stomach wall appear, which eventually lead to internal bleeding (‘white pigs’) and death. The increased incidence of gastritis is likely related to selection for lean growth in modern genetics as the heritability of gastric ulcers is estimated to be 0.52. Insufficient attention to physiological development of the GI tract of young animals aggravates the situation and certain types of feed can also contribute to the development of gastritis. However, undoubtedly stress is the most important factor contributing to the incidence of gastritis.
Phytobiotics’ solutions to reduce gastritis
• Feed management: High attention to the requirements of the developing gut of young animals is needed to reduce sensitivity to gastritis during later stages in life. Feeding patterns need to be kept constant as disruption in feeding patterns increases the occurrence of gastritis. Fine particles (<200 µm) are also a risk factor for gastritis. Furthermore, gastritis is often more severe when there is insufficient fiber in the diet and/or an excess of protein.
• Inflammation management: Gastritis always starts with inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Reducing excessive mucosal inflammation to stimulate fast recovery of damaged tissue is necessary to have less severe lesions and avoid internal bleeding. The use of an antiinflammatory agent in the feed can help to reduce the severity of gastritis.
• Stress management: The influence of stress, e.g. due to weaning, transport, environment or social interactions increases the secretion of hormones such as glucocorticoids (cortisol), which increase the susceptibility to gastritis. In farms with high incidence of gastritis strong measures should be taken to reduce stress.
Feeding Sangrovit®
Supplementation of the diet with Sangrovit® has proven to increase feed intake and performance. But more importantly it has repeatedly shown to drastically reduce mucosal inflammation due to the regulation of the inflammation messenger factor NF-κB inside the mucosal cells. This reduces the severity of ulcerous lesions and supports fast recovery of damaged tissue. Furthermore, the use of Sangrovit® reduces levels of cortisol and acute phase proteins during stressful situations such as around farrowing (Fig. 1) and after transport (Fig 2). A smaller stress response is important to reduce the incidence of gastritis.
• Gastritis (gastric ulcers) is one of the most important non-infectious causes of morbidity and mortality in swine.
• Stress is the major cause for the occurrence of gastritis. • To reduce the incidence of gastritis feed management should be optimized and stress should be reduced.
• To reduce the severity of gastritis feed should be supplemented with an anti-inflammatory agent like Sangrovit®.
• Sangrovit® supplementation strongly reduces the effect of stress resulting in lower cortisol levels and a decrease in incidence of gastritis. Furthermore, Sangrovit® supplementation decreases the level of mucosal inflammation to support fast recovery of damaged tissue.
Very interesting topic indeed because so many farms have problems with stomach ulcers. If I understand your article correctly, you do not present any observations on the actual occurrence of ulcers in pigs treated with Sangrovit?
In Denmark, we have observed that particle size and feeding of mash or pelleted feed were the factors contributing the most to the occurrence of gastric ulcers. Farms feeding pelleted feed observe much more frequently ulcers than home mixing farms.
I was wondering if you have done any trials with sows and Sangrovit because ulcers are also a big problem in sows.
According to my experience, it is necessary to focus on the role of many risk factors such as feed structure, disease in breeding, and stress factors, in addition to the price of Vitamin E. With the increase in Vitamin E price, we integrate less and we have ulcer problems. When we have high respiratory problems, ulcers are increasing. If we do not administer material such as straw, wood chips or anything else, ulcers increase. Sangrovit helps a lot when we have the problem, but we need to review our breeding program.
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• Feed management: High attention to the requirements of the developing gut of young animals is needed to reduce sensitivity to gastritis during later stages in life. Feeding patterns need to be kept constant as disruption in feeding patterns increases the occurrence of gastritis. Fine particles (<200 µm) are also a risk factor for gastritis. Furthermore, gastritis is often more severe when there is insufficient fiber in the diet and/or an excess of protein.
