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Introduction: PCV2 virus (PCV2) causes economic damage and is a risk factor in swine production. Vaccination coverage is > 85%. Scientific literature reports differences in protection. Subclinical PCVAD (PCVAD-SI) can occur in vaccinated herds. In protection against PCV2 infection both Virus Neutralizing antibodies (VN) and Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI) are important. Maternally Derived Antibodies (MDA) are protective and the titer height varies among piglets. High MDA titers...
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Introduction: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method in which reagents react under isothermal conditions with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop a LAMP for rapid detection of PCV2. In addition, One of the most attractive features of this LAMP assay is that the results can be observed and determined by hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) dye mediated visualization...
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Introduction: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and PCV2 cause significant economic losses to the U.S. swine industry. Circumvent® PCV-M G2 (Merck AH, USA) protects against both pathogens using two dosing options: single, 2mL intramuscular (IM) dose at 3 weeks of age (WOA) or older, or 1 mL IM as early as 3 days of age followed by 1mL dose 3 weeks later. The objective was to evaluate different vaccination dosing and timing protocols on PCV2 viremia and post...
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Introduction: This report describes the differential diagnose of acute diarrhoea with increased mortality in a case of late finishing pigs. In the last 3-4 batches pigs showed bloody mucoid diarrhea late in finishing after the first pigs had been marked for slaughter, resulting in a preliminary diagnosis of porcine haemorrhagic enteropathy (PHE). After acute onset of clinical signs, affected pigs usually died within 24 hours, despite systemic treatment with Tylosin or...
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Over the last 30 years, diseases caused by emerging swine viruses (ESV) have acquired great relevance, more than in other species. Diseases caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), high pathogenicity porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), and influenza virus H1N1pdm09 had great economic impact. Others, however, such as porcine enteroviruses, porcine toroviruses (PToV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), porcine bocavirus (PBoV),...
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Megan Niederwerder (Swine Health Information Center) discusses this method, its advantages, and which situations could call for its implementation, during IPVS2022 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil....
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Main text Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was first described in 1998 [1], and since then, it has become one of the most important pig pathogens, contributing to considerable economic losses by a syndrome called porcine circovirus disease (PCVD). The virus has demonstrated the highest evolution rate among similar DNA viruses, resulting in genetic shifts even over the rather short period of time since its recognition [2]. Today six genotypes of PCV2 are known, PCV2a-f [3]. PCV2d...
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1. Introduction With 1766–1768 nucleotides, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the smallest genomic panzootic associated virus among the circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses hitherto. These ssDNA viruses are remarkably understudied, and only recently have researchers begun to study these viruses due to the advent of next-generation sequencing in birds, fish, mammals, and even humans [1,2]. The small genome of PCV2 encodes at least nine different transcripts...
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the genera Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae causes newborn and weaning piglets serious diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality. Moreover, PEDV infection also causes severe perturbations of gut microbiota and reduces probiotic bacterial abundance. Therefore, effective protective products against PEDV infection are needed. In the pig farm, sows are the major economic resource, which runs the...
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1. Introduction Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are small DNA viruses and have four representatives, PCV-1, PCV-2, PCV-3, and tentatively, PCV-4. PCV-1 is known as non-pathogenic for pigs [1], while PCV-2 has been associated with several conditions known as porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) [2]. PCVDs include PCV-2 systemic disease (PCV-2-SD), PCV-2 reproductive disease (PCV-2-RD), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), and PCV-2 subclinical infection (PCV-2-SI) [2]....
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Introduction Historically, the impact of foreign animal diseases (FADs) on global livestock production and economics has been devastating [1]. In 1997, Taiwan and the Netherlands experienced outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Classical Swine Fever (CSF), respectively [2, 3]. In Taiwan, the estimated cost of the FMD outbreak was $379 million, due to the slaughter of over 4 million pigs, approximately 40% of the country’s pig population at the time [2, 4]. In...
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Introduction The measure of the scientific quality and productivity of a particular researcher or research team has been traditionally a controversial issue. The topic is not trivial as it can be used by managers to evaluate professional promotions within a research institution, or by funding agencies and scientific panels to prioritize projects, grants and fellowships. The simplest way to tackle this challenge is...
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Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a one-shot vaccination applied either at weaning or 3 days before weaning in a herd infected with M. hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and other respiratory pathogens.
Materials and methods
At 14 days of...
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Background Spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) or spray dried bovine plasma (SDBP) has been used in nursery pig diets due to its documented beneficial effects on post-weaning growth, feed intake, morbidity indices and survival [1, 2]. In past studies, under field conditions, pigs suffering from porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD, formerly known as...
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus will become a notifiable disease in England, effective December 18. Pig keepers and veterinarians will be legally required to inform the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) of any suspicion of the disease. The measure has been introduced by government at the request of pig industry bodies, including the National Pig Association (NPA).
If a test for PED virus proves...
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Introduction.
Porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2 (PCV2) was firstly characterized in 1998 as an agent systematically present within the lesions of a novel disease called postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The condition was described sporadically during early-middle 1990s in Canada. The name of...
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SIR, - Porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was initially identified and reported in pig herds in Canada a decade ago (Harding 1996); since then, it has been described worldwide, including Argentina, Brazil and Mexico in Latin America (Trujano and others 2001, Zanella and others 2002, Sarradell and others 2002). Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is considered the infectious cause of this disease (Ellis...
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Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome ( PMWS ), also known as porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in North America, is an emerging disease of swine that was initially identified in herds in Western Canada during the early 1990s. 3 Major clinical signs associated with the disease, mainly wasting and respiratory distress, have been described in 6- to 16- week-old pigs. 19 The most...
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Introduction Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are members of the genus Circovirus included in the family Circoviridae, which comprises small icosahedral non-enveloped viruses with a circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. There are two types of PCV, namely PCV1 and PCV2. PCV1 is a non-cytopathic contaminant of the PK15 cell line that was first identified in 1974 and described...
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In 1982 a novel virus, subsequently named porcine circovirus (PCV), was identified by Tischer et al in 1892 (12). PVC is a DNA virus and member of the Circoviridae family. PCV infections may interfere with normal immune function (11). The first description of PMWS was in Saskatchewan in 1991 (6); this syndrome has now been described worldwide. Clinically the syndrome is characterized by wasting, paleness of the skin, dyspnea, diarrhea and icterus (jaundice). In 1997, the presence of...
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