Eduardo Frandi Butolo

@Ana Gavrau Thank you. First, I don't think animals producing urea should ever be compared to those producing uric acid, which requires methyls in its synthesis.I don't understand your comment "It is also important to mention that "organic" means also better housing conditions, than conventional industrial production". Chickens are socialists at heart. The vast majority will lay around in front of ...

Juarez Donzele Thanks for sharing your nice data and insights with us. I think that the "Ideal Protein" concept was ideal when we knew little about cell- and tissue-specific metabolism of amino acids in animals or the needs of animals. Now we should move beyond the "Ideal Protein" concept so as to optimize amino acid nutrition in animals and to improve their health and well-being.

I congratulate the authors for the information contained in this article, which I fully agree with. I also understand that the article that was published on ENGORMIX, under the title Digestible lysine levels obtained by two methods of formulation of diets for 22-to-42-day-old broilers, under my guidance, is somehow consistent with the information described here.

One thing is hot weather and the other is hot water. You are right on saying that birds adapts themselves to hot weather, But, there is no adaptation to hot water.

Pirzado M Zakria thanks for your question. Most exogenous proteases in the market at endo-acting alkaline peptidases i.e. they do not generate free amino acids like an exo-acting protease and they more closely resemble trypsin and chymotrypsin than alternative endogenous proteases like pepsin. They work by improving the solubility of dietary protein which would otherwise escape digestion e.g. pr ...

Leon Broom thanks for your question and nice to hear from you again. Hope all is well with you also. Most of the microbiome-associated research has been done in the carbohydrase space and similar work for phytase and protease is limited. In our work we do see changes in the microbiome function (functional meta-genomics) associated with protease. This is related to changing nitrogen flow dynamics t ...

Totally agree with you, Aaron. Pepsin is an endoprotease at hydrophobic amino acid centers, Chymotrypsin is very complementary by acting at the amino the end of resulting chains where the hydrophobes are accentuated. Typically, the hydrophobes are also in the greatest proportion of most proteins while resulting changes act to improve overall compatibility with water to enable all other enzymes to ...

Ghorbanali Sadeghi, if you reflect on the carbohydrase market, there is a great diversity of enzymes available that have been developed specifically to address the heterogeneity in the substrate landscape - from xylanase, glucanases, pectinases, galactosidases, mannanases, etc. We understand that dietary carbohydrate is not a homogenous substrate pool. With protein we still have some work to do he ...

Energy is not matter but is contained in matter. Metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose provides energy in animals in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. So, we need to understand adequately animal biochemistry, particularly the efficiency of metabolic transformations of energy in poultry and livestock species. Please read my recent interview with Engormix on this topic.