Luis Tataje

1. IntroductionNewcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease with a significant impact on global poultry production. ND is caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), formerly known as Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1), belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae (https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ accessed on 20 October 2021). The genome of NDV is single-stranded, non-segmented, nega ...

Infectious laryngotracheitis is an avian respiratory disease which is caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), and clinical signs vary from coughing, conjunctivitis, and gasping to expectoration of bloody mucus and death (1).Whereas genomic database analysis allowed the identification of an ILTV field strain in Australia as a causative agent of outbreaks as a result of recombination be ...

Avibacterium paragallinarum is the etiologic agent of infectious coryza, an acute respiratory disease of chickens, which is globally distributed and causes serious economic losses in the poultry production industry. It is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, capsulated, facultative anaerobe belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae and is classified in 9 serovars distributed in 3 serogroups (A, B, and C) (1, ...

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus) is an economically significant pathogen of the poultry industry worldwide. It causes low egg and meat production and the highly contagious respiratory disease avian infectious bronchitis (1–3) in poultry. IBV has a high mutation and recombination rate, leading to the frequent appearance of new genotypes and antigenic variant ...