Makenly Coles

1. IntroductionOver the last few hundred years, humans have influenced the evolution of multiple animal species and different ecosystems involved in animal production [1]. This approach has led to the genetic change of domestic animals and has undoubtedly been driven by agriculture. The most important genetic changes in poultry production have occurred in the previous 60 years. Modern broiler chic ...

IntroductionModern broiler chickens are most certainly a most visible manifestation of genetic advancements. At hatch, a Cobb500 broiler weighs 42 grams. This newborn chick grows 31 % (55 g/bird) in just twenty-four hours. By day 35 of age, this chicken reaches a body weightof 2,521 grams, representing 5,902 % relative to hatching mass (Cobb-Vantres 500, 2022). Genetic selection, food, health, and ...

1. IntroductionIn recent years, a considerable attention to essential oils (EO) as nutraceuticals in livestock production has occurred, mainly as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) worldwide. Essential oils are derived from various plants as secondary metabolites with well-documented antibacterial [1], antiviral [2], antifungal [3], antioxidant [4], digestive stimulants [5], and ...

IntroductionClostridium septicum (CS) is a ubiquitous, spore-forming bacterium associated with spontaneous gas gangrene in both livestock and humans. The spores can persist in harsh environments, such as the gastrointestinal tract or tissue, and remain undetected for extended periods. When environmental conditions are appropriate for growth, the spores will germinate and proceed to proliferate. CS ...