Janet Tsai

In modern poultry production, maintaining a healthy avian immune system is essential for protecting birds against pathogens and sustaining productive performance. When immune defense is weakened, poultry become more susceptible to invasion by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and other pathogens, increasing the risk of disease. However, a stronger immune response is not always beneficial. Excessive or ...

In poultry production, the avian respiratory system is both a biological advantage and a management challenge. Birds breathe through a highly efficient system built on unidirectional airflow and multiple air sacs, allowing rapid oxygen exchange to support growth, activity, and thermoregulation.However, in high-density commercial farms, the same efficiency can become a dangerous shortcut for pathog ...

The reproductive system of a sow plays a central role in determining farm productivity, directly influencing litter size, farrowing rate, and overall economic returns. Efficient reproductive performance depends on the coordination of hormonal regulation, organ function, nutrition, semen quality, and environmental management. However, producers often face challenges such as low conception rates, in ...

Necrotic Enteritis (NE), primarily caused by Clostridium perfringens, stands as one of the most devastating gastrointestinal pathologies in modern poultry production, with global economic losses estimated at approximately US$6 billion annually. Beyond its high clinical mortality rates, the "silent" subclinical form of the disease inflicts profound economic damage through impaired nutrient absorpti ...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) continues to inflict substantial economic losses on pig-producing countries worldwide by causing severe diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality in newborn piglets. Its rapid fecal–oral transmission and ability to spread explosively within and between farms make it both highly contagious and difficult to control, especially in naïve herds. This ar ...

Winter brings a unique set of challenges to modern poultry production, especially in open or poorly insulated houses. As temperatures drop, chickens expend more energy just to maintain body heat, which diverts nutrients away from growth, egg production, and immune function. Prolonged cold stress elevates corticosterone, suppresses immunity, and makes flocks more susceptible to respiratory and ente ...

Global shrimp farming is a huge industry and a key protein source for people worldwide. But this industry is very vulnerable to disease outbreaks that severely hurt profits and stability.We know farmers can’t rely on antibiotics as much anymore because of resistance worries, tougher rules, and strong demand for products without chemical traces. For this reason, more producers are making a cl ...

Effective sow management is a cornerstone of modern pig production, directly impacting herd productivity and overall farm profitability. Proper care and nutrition of sows not only improve reproductive performance, but also enhance piglet health and survival rates. As swine production becomes more intensive and competitive, producers must adopt best practices in sow management and incorporate innov ...

The livestock industry is currently confronted with stringent regulations limiting the use of antibiotics, along with growing challenges from resistant pathogenic bacteria. These factors have prompted an urgent need to seek alternative strategies that can effectively promote animal health and optimize feed efficiency. In this context, postbiotics have gained significant attention as a modern solut ...