Article published the September 21, 2023
1. IntroductionInfectious bronchitis (IB) is a contagious viral disease caused by a gamma coronavirus known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) [1]. IB is one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases in the poultry industry in Canada and elsewhere and it causes significant mortality and morbidity in both broiler and layer chickens, resulting in significant economic impacts to the poultry indust ...
Article published the July 17, 2018
IntroductionInfectious bronchitis (IB) is primarily a respiratory disease of chickens but with potential to cause more widespread infection in the urinary and reproductive tracts in chicken leading to significant production losses in commercial broiler and layer flocks worldwide [1]. The causative infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belongs to the family Coronaviridae. The disease is usually charact ...
Article published the March 10, 2017
1. IntroductionTLRs and their downstream signaling components are mostly conserved in chickens (Lillehoj and Li, 2004; Lynnet al., 2003; Philbin et al., 2005), except for TLR4 (Keestraand van Putten, 2008). In mammals, TLR4 is expressed in a variety of immune and non-immune cells (Arpaia et al.,2011; Tang et al., 2008). One of the well-characterized ligands that binds with TLR4 is LPS derive ...
Article published the May 30, 2015
IntroductionInfectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is an enveloped virus with a double stranded DNA genome and belongs to the family Herpesviridae and subfamily alphaherpersvirinae [1,2]. The ILTV causes infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in chickens, pheasants and peafowls worldwide [3,4], transmitted through nasal and ocular routes and results in mild to severe respiratory manifestations. The ...
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