By:D. Melo-Duran, D. Sola-Oriol, S. Villagomez-Estrada and J.F. Perez / Servei de Nutricio i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Department de Ciencia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Spain.
Summary
Abstract
The animal industry still uses antibiotics to prevent disease and improve the yield of animal production in challenging conditions. However, the emerging public health crisis in relation to antibiotic resistance, due to the possibility of these bacteria being transferred to other animals and humans (farmers, veterinarians and consumers), has stimulated efforts to end the use of prophylactics in feed antibiotics. This review summarizes the current developments and perspectives regarding the use of the enzymes as an alternative to antibiotics, with a specific focus on carbohydrases. It is difficult to conclude that enzymes per se could replace antibiotics in efficient animal production. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize their role as a fundamental part of a multidisciplinary displacement intervention strategy that integrates a mixture of different additives and more efficient management programs. Positive effects of carbohydrase enzymes on performance are normally associated with increases in nutrient digestibility because of the release of encapsulated nutrients, as well as hydrolysis or partial hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides. There also seems to be an influence on the environmental physico-chemical conditions in digesta and the composition of the microbiota in the digestive tract.
Presented at the International Fibre Summit 2019 (https://internationalfibre.com/). Reproduced with permission from the organizers.
Dear Mr.Muhammad, theoretically you are right. But practically there is a lot of problems. At first, there is necessary to detect amino acid profile of the feed, to see excess of some amino acids and insufficiency of other some amino acids. It is necessary to do hydrolysis of protein, and next HPLC with an post-column derivatization. But each next batch of feed or grain, or meal will have different AA profile, depending on field, harvest, supplier, storage conditions. It is necessary to do everyday, and, for example, by each new batch/day you need to collect 365 analyses per year, and make 365 different daily recipes for feed manufacturing plant! Another important thing is that crude protein contains not only different AAs, but also other necessary biologically-active ingredients like peptides, glutatione, polypeptides, enzymes. We cannot calculate it simply as AA mix. At the moment we can do more or less good recipes using PC-optimalization program. If, for example, program say to me: "not enough methionine!", I'm answering: "ok, I will add it!". Best wishes to you, I like your questions. marchenkov150@gmail.com
Dr. Fiodor S. Marchenkov ,, would not have the positive effect of the enzyme, related to the hydrolysis of the non-starch polysaccharides contained in the ingredients, with the production of oligosaccharides that would be substrate for intestinal flora favoring the composition of the microbiota. These oligosaccharides could be considered prebiotics. This response can occur in a diet containing soybean meal, whose polysaccharides have a negative effect on the animals' microbiota.
Basically, Dr. José Francisco voiced a fact that everyone was skeptical about before. At one time, Danisco Animal Nutrition, a manufacturer of feed enzymes, conducted research on the contamination of poultry with Salmonella. And with a small concentration of the pathogen, the bird itself got rid of the salmonella. A scheme of the enzyme's action was even proposed. I will not describe the details, but the enzymes created conditions unfavorable for the growth and reproduction of Salmonella. Don't believe me? I am ready to send you the original presentation slide. By the way, this company is now called DuPont Biotechnologies.
Dr Jose Francisco, I confess that the title of the article presented surprised me. However, with the reading of the summary, I was able to perceive the coherence of the subject addressed, when it mentions that the use of enzymes is part of a multidisciplinary action, being necessarily associated with several proven additives. Therefore, it is evident that the use of enzymes instead of antibiotics would not be enough to guarantee the animals' good performance. However, it must be considered that the use of enzymes such as mannanase and or galactosidase in diets using soybean meal, as the main protein source, has its positive actions on the performance of animals, in part, by hydrolyzing the non-starch polysaccharide soybean, which is known to negatively influence the animal microbiota, producing oligosaccharides which in turn favors the microbiota. animals, in part, partial hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides, and improvement in the composition of the microbiota.
I have opinions that we should enhance amino acid level in feed instead of increasing protein level because,end product of protein metabolism after expanding energy is Amino acid.if we directly provide amino acid to bird then ,growth will high at initial stage .
I have wish to work with such dr who are working on Amino Acid as alternative of protein project. I'm looking forward tfor positive response.
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