Vegetable proteins can replace animal proteins
Published: January 8, 2020
By: IAZ Joaquin A. Paulino / Animal Nutrition Consultant, Precision Animal Nutrition.
What are the vegetable proteins?
• Soy Protein 65%
• Fermented soybean meal 54%
• Extruded and micronized soybean meal 48%
• Extruded whole Soy meal soy 36%
• Potato protein 80%
• Algae meal 55%
Animal protein is a feed ingredient of high quality and easily digestible, which is used as a supplement to diets for young animals. However, over the years, alternatives derived from plants have emerged that lead to similar performance results and with lower risks of contamination and pathogen transfers.
With a soy protein 65 percent protein currently we can replace animal plasma, blood meal and fishmeal in pre-starters of piglets and chickens, obtaining similar results and even dairy whey can be replaced by cane and soy molasses (Using an equivalent sucrose to lactose) to make a 100% vegetable diet.
Animal protein sources is a growing public and political concern about the safety of food of animal origin. In recent years, this concern has grown due to, for example, foodborne bacterial infections, toxic compounds, veterinary drug residues and contamination. Animal protein can be connected with food safety problems and shows a great variety of quality. Some examples are the possible contamination with dioxins, entero-bacteria, salmonella and E. coli. African swine fever virus and bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Vegetable proteins are cheaper and safer, but they have lower digestibility than that of animal origin; strategies to improve their digestibility must be used, such as applying an enzymatic mixture (Proteases, Amylases, phytases, Xylanases, Beta-glucanases, mannanases) to reduce undigested fraction that is a food for the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria.
Another strategy is to formulate diets with minimal levels of protein and to help intestinal health use organic acids, phytogenic and probiotic.
Anti-nutritional factors of vegetable proteins:
• Stachyose
• Raffinose
• Verbascose
• Ajucose
• Trypsin inhibitors
• Glycine
• Beta-Conglycine
• Lectins
• Saponins
• Fied phytic acids
• Biogenic amines
• Glico alkaloids
Note: The anti-nutritional factors can be thermolabile and thermostable.
A protease can improve up to 6% digestibility of the protein and amino acids:
• Increase protein digestibility.
• Improve protein utilization by the animal.
• Allow lower quality protein sources to be included in diets.
• Protect the environment by reducing the nitrogen excretion from animal husbandry.
Conclusions
Vegetable proteins are economical and safer than those of animal origin but they must be well processed to eliminate the different anti-nutritional factors that produce allergy and diarrhea in young animals and must be supported with an enzymatic mixture that contains proteases, Beta-Glucanases, etc., and other technological additives.
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12 de marzo de 2021
As forum members, we have an environmental problem of overfishing and an accelerated population growth, we cannot remove a fish from the mouth of humans to feed a fish or other animals.
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12 de marzo de 2020
Those diets that Carlos Avilan presented in the forum have been used for more than three years and the results are excellent and the piglets are in good health and without any deficiencies. We only use dairy whey and soy protein and soy bean meal and corn and fortify with synthetic amino acids.
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20 de febrero de 2020
Forage legume leaf meal and other high-protein plants are good sources of vegetal proteins and I experimented in poultry and pigs with good results.
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20 de febrero de 2020
In Nigeria here, we have successfully fed breeding, broiler and laying chickens with the processed leaf. Particularly, the leaf meal have been the partial or the main source of vitamin-mineral for the stocks. Leaf meal as sources of protein and fibre for pigs and poultry have been achieved too. You are free to explore our modest contributions here in Ibadan Varsity and other institutions here in Nigeria for these.
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13 de febrero de 2020
When we formulate swine and poultry diets, we need to consider all proteinogenic amino acids, including those that are synthesized by the animals. Sole consideration of so-called “nutritionally essential amino acids” is not good for optimizing the health or productivity of swine and poultry.
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13 de febrero de 2020
Thank you very much Carlos Avilan
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13 de febrero de 2020
The engineer Atuey Martínez has more than three years using the diets -presented here with the help from Carlos from Engormix- and is very happy with the results and as I inform you we are testing to replace the whey with the cane molasses and elaborate 100% vegetable diets
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13 de febrero de 2020
There are reports in literature indicating replacement of animal protein with vegetable protein, however, extensive studies are required for better conclusion.
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12 de febrero de 2020
Vegetable proteins may replace animal proteins in diet formulations, but the question is "Why?".
See http://PeerJ.com/articles/2100/ for a full discussion of the efficiency of land use for meeting protein needs for humans: the same strictures apply to monogastrics. It is clear from that analysis that monogastrics feed humans their protein needs much less effectively than dairy from arable land. Surprisingly, dairy is a better landuse that plant-based foods too. Since we feed pigs and poultry plant-based diets to produce human food, our industries have to address this critical impact on food security, before trying to create vegan diets for pig or poultry lifestages.
Note that it is not just land use that gives dairy its advantage. It takes only third as much water to meet human essential amino acid needs as does wheat or soya, and loses much less nitrogen to the ground water or atmosphere, provided the best management practices are employed. When the positive impacts on human nitrogen excretion are factored in, dairy-based diets lead to much lower GHG emissions than do vegan diets. Dairy sets the benchmark for global food security, and this is the challenge pork and poultry must address.
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12 de febrero de 2020
We are contemplating replacing the whey with molasses and sugar cane to produce a 100% vegetable diet.
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