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Additives and feedstuffs in dairy cattle nutrition
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Ethanol is produced when starch in corn grain is fermented. Most other constituents in the grain remain unchanged. The end product of the corn is distiller’s grains or DDGS (distiller’s grains with solubles). The DDGS retain the original fatty acids, protein, and phosphorus. In addition, variability in the grain nutrient content used in the fermentation process and the actual process itself results in a feed with variable nutrient content. Distiller’s grains can be fed either in the wet (less...
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If you are buying very much feed from off farm sources, you are well aware of higher feed prices. But what is your feed cost per cow per day or feed cost per hundred weight? What is a reasonable cost in today’s market? Is there anything you can do to alleviate some of the tightening of margins? Below is a feed cost calculator worksheet. It is a guide to calculate the cost per head per day for any animal on your farm whether they are a lactating or dry cow as well as calves or heifers....
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health, microbiota and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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Dietary cation-anion difference, or DCAD, is a measure you should be using in both dry and lactating cows. In close-up dry cows, a negative DCAD can help prevent metabolic problems and in lactating cows, a positive DCAD can help increase milk production and milk components. The most common equation to determine DCAD is based on the dietary concentration of the cation minerals sodium (Na) and potassium (K), and the anion minerals chloride (Cl) and sulfur (S). The DCAD formula is as...
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Fats, or lipids, are part of all dairy cattle diets and are an essential component of them. All dairy animals consume forages, which are typically 3 to 3.5% fat or higher whether alfalfa, grass or corn silage. Additionally, corn grain is about 3.5% fat as well. Lactating cow diets with additional feeds such as cottonseed or corn distillers would have a basal diet level of over 4% fat. As milk production has increased, the need for greater energy density in lactating cow diets has necessitated...
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One Health - International Rendering Symposium
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Several surveys and clinical studies have shown that approximately 30% of all calves fail to absorb adequate amounts of antibodies from colostrum even when adequate quantities of colostrum are fed early in life. These calves face an increased risk of disease during the first month of life until their immune system begins producing antibodies. Research from several studies sheds some light on why calves fail to absorb colostrum antibodies. A study conducted at Va. Tech by Bob James...
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The decision to use pasture as a major source of nutrients for milking cows must be accompanied by a strong commitment to properly manage the pasture. Determining soil fertility status, choosing a fertilization program, selecting appropriate forage species, and controlling grazing are important elements of a pasture management program. Soil Testing and Pasture Fertilization Soil nutrient status varies widely from field to field on...
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Post processing for Aquafeed and pet food - Josef Barbi (E.S.E. & Intec)
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Feed additives are typically not fed free choice because force-feeding ensures consumption of a needed nutrient. The exception has sometimes been salt, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium bentonite. We know animals have an appetite for salt and will self regulate. Many free choice minerals are salt based in an attempt to regulate the intake of minerals and vitamins in the mix. Also sodium bicarbonate has been offered free choice because of the belief that cows will consume extra during...
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The effect of alcohol in the silage fed to cows is being studied in a new project at the University of Aarhus. Many of us have faced the challenge of trying to walk a straight line after having consumed a wee dram or two! It now appears that cows may also have a problem with balance if they consume alcohol. And this they will do most days – at least if they eat maize or grass silage, which is a major constituent of the daily ration fed to dairy cows in Denmark. Scientists at the...
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health, microbiota and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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The biodiesel industry is producing a byproduct called glycerin. Glycerin, also known as glycerol or glycerine, is a colorless, odorless, water soluble, sweet-tasting viscous liquid. Glycerol in the purest form is used extensively in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Glycerin is similar in chemical formula (CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH) to propylene glycol (CH3-CHOH-CH2OH) and has replaced propylene glycol as a glucose source in a few transition cow research studies. The current interest is to see...
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In recent times there has been a global shift back to pasture-based dairy farming led largely by the “clean green” push. Although philosophically this may be the correct move by the dairy industry, care must be exercised that it is achieved in a thoughtful, controlled way in order for the appropriate management to be employed and sensible decisions made. The danger is in embracing radical changes without thoughtful and balanced evaluation of the potential consequences. Many times we...
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One Health - International Rendering Symposium
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Texas dairy cattle may soon be putting out more milk for consumers and bringing more dollars to their producers, fueled by an ethanol by-product, according to a Texas Cooperative Extension specialist. Distiller’s grain, or the substance left after ethanol production, will increase in availability as ethanol plants begin opening in Texas in 2008, said Dr. Ellen Jordan, Extension dairy specialist in Dallas. “As we look at the current research, we see there is a potential by...
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Brown root rot -- a potentially serious forage crop disease -- is found throughout the Northeast. Cornell plant pathologists have detected brown root rot -- a potentially serious forage crop disease -- in the northeastern United States. It is widespread in New York, Vermont and New Hampshire and has been detected in Pennsylvania and Maine. The findings are published in the October issue of the journal Plant Disease. Brown root rot (Phoma sclerotioides) affects...
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Post processing for Aquafeed and pet food - Josef Barbi (E.S.E. & Intec)
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Distillers grains can be a good protein supplement for dairy cattle. The fact that distillers grains, either wet or dry, can make a valuable contribution to cattle diets, regardless of the animals’ stage of production, is well-established. However, various factors need to be considered when determining their potential value in your dairy production system. During the distillation process, the starch component of cereal grains (normally 60 percent to 70 percent)...
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There's a lot of untapped potential in cows after years of keeping a lid on production costs, reckons Lancashire dairy farmer David Talbot. He's now using a cultured yeast feed supplement developed in the USA which has lifted daily cow yields by 1.2kg for a cost of about 8.5p a day. Yeast products are not a new concept, but Lactaid - the yeast being used in Mr Talbot's 180-cow herd at Lower Alston Farm, Ribchester, Preston - is a cultured yeast rather than a live yeast. USA...
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Effect of Sc 47 probiotic yeast on the health, microbiota and zootechnical performance of weaned piglets
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Milk prices are up, but so are feed costs. With a strong market, dairy producers certainly don’t want to skimp on feed to capture maximum returns, but if milk prices weren’t good, today’s escalating feed costs would be a killer. Here are some questions dairy producers are asking: Q: How long will the higher milk prices last? A: I can’t predict the market, but I can assume they will come down. That’s why dairy herdsmen want to optimize milk yield. With...
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Prior to establishment of the essentiality of selenium (Se) for animals by Schwarz and Foltz (1957), this element was considered primarily as a toxic element. The clinical signs of selenosis in livestock were primarily found in the US in South Dakota and northern Nebraska where animals grazed plants which had accumulated toxic levels of Se. The first reports of the effects of Se deficiency in ruminants are the studies with calves (Muth et al., 1957) and lambs (Hogue, 1958) demonstrating that Se...
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One Health - International Rendering Symposium
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Successful dairy farming in the present age is a challenge as today’s dairies face the universal problems of diminishing returns on equity and ever more pressing environmental rules. Solving these problems is not a matter of finding one magical answer, as success lies in understanding and utilizing the knowledge base of multiple disciplines. Nutrition is but one of these disciplines; however as ration expense is usually the largest cost component faced by producers, consideration of any...
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Feed costs can have a big impact on the cost of producing milk. Knowing your cost of producing milk is one of the most valuable pieces of financial information you can have. While you may not like the price received for your product, knowing your cost means knowing if you’re making a profit or just wish you were. The calculations can be broken down into purchased feed versus total feed costs. If you buy all your feed, the costs will be the...
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Post processing for Aquafeed and pet food - Josef Barbi (E.S.E. & Intec)
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Producers need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of substituting less costly feed for corn in dairy cattle diets. With feed accounting for half or more of the cost of producing milk, many dairies are looking for alternatives for corn, which historically has been a low-cost feedstuff. A portion of the corn in the dairy cow’s diet can be substituted with alternative feeds. But you are not going to replace all of the corn and get the same level of milk...
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Forages have been and always will be an important source of nutrients for ruminants. For dairy producers, forages are the base of the feed pyramid, the foundation on which the remainder of the diet is structured. Feeding high-quality corn increases dairy efficiency and helps reduce feed costs associated with purchased ingredients, especially protein. You might think that in this world of “bigger” and “better,” a well-managed forage system is one that maximizes yields with maximum...
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