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Additives and feedstuffs in dairy cattle nutrition
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Texas dairy cattle may soon be putting out more milk for consumers and bringing more dollars to their producers, fueled by an ethanol by-product, according to a Texas Cooperative Extension specialist. Distiller’s grain, or the substance left after ethanol production, will increase in availability as ethanol plants begin opening in Texas in 2008, said Dr. Ellen Jordan, Extension dairy specialist in Dallas. “As we look at the current research, we see there is a potential by...
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Brown root rot -- a potentially serious forage crop disease -- is found throughout the Northeast. Cornell plant pathologists have detected brown root rot -- a potentially serious forage crop disease -- in the northeastern United States. It is widespread in New York, Vermont and New Hampshire and has been detected in Pennsylvania and Maine. The findings are published in the October issue of the journal Plant Disease. Brown root rot (Phoma sclerotioides) affects...
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Distillers grains can be a good protein supplement for dairy cattle. The fact that distillers grains, either wet or dry, can make a valuable contribution to cattle diets, regardless of the animals’ stage of production, is well-established. However, various factors need to be considered when determining their potential value in your dairy production system. During the distillation process, the starch component of cereal grains (normally 60 percent to 70 percent)...
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There's a lot of untapped potential in cows after years of keeping a lid on production costs, reckons Lancashire dairy farmer David Talbot. He's now using a cultured yeast feed supplement developed in the USA which has lifted daily cow yields by 1.2kg for a cost of about 8.5p a day. Yeast products are not a new concept, but Lactaid - the yeast being used in Mr Talbot's 180-cow herd at Lower Alston Farm, Ribchester, Preston - is a cultured yeast rather than a live yeast. USA...
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Milk prices are up, but so are feed costs. With a strong market, dairy producers certainly don’t want to skimp on feed to capture maximum returns, but if milk prices weren’t good, today’s escalating feed costs would be a killer. Here are some questions dairy producers are asking: Q: How long will the higher milk prices last? A: I can’t predict the market, but I can assume they will come down. That’s why dairy herdsmen want to optimize milk yield. With...
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Prior to establishment of the essentiality of selenium (Se) for animals by Schwarz and Foltz (1957), this element was considered primarily as a toxic element. The clinical signs of selenosis in livestock were primarily found in the US in South Dakota and northern Nebraska where animals grazed plants which had accumulated toxic levels of Se. The first reports of the effects of Se deficiency in ruminants are the studies with calves (Muth et al., 1957) and lambs (Hogue, 1958) demonstrating that Se...
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Successful dairy farming in the present age is a challenge as today’s dairies face the universal problems of diminishing returns on equity and ever more pressing environmental rules. Solving these problems is not a matter of finding one magical answer, as success lies in understanding and utilizing the knowledge base of multiple disciplines. Nutrition is but one of these disciplines; however as ration expense is usually the largest cost component faced by producers, consideration of any...
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Feed costs can have a big impact on the cost of producing milk. Knowing your cost of producing milk is one of the most valuable pieces of financial information you can have. While you may not like the price received for your product, knowing your cost means knowing if you’re making a profit or just wish you were. The calculations can be broken down into purchased feed versus total feed costs. If you buy all your feed, the costs will be the...
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Producers need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of substituting less costly feed for corn in dairy cattle diets. With feed accounting for half or more of the cost of producing milk, many dairies are looking for alternatives for corn, which historically has been a low-cost feedstuff. A portion of the corn in the dairy cow’s diet can be substituted with alternative feeds. But you are not going to replace all of the corn and get the same level of milk...
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Forages have been and always will be an important source of nutrients for ruminants. For dairy producers, forages are the base of the feed pyramid, the foundation on which the remainder of the diet is structured. Feeding high-quality corn increases dairy efficiency and helps reduce feed costs associated with purchased ingredients, especially protein. You might think that in this world of “bigger” and “better,” a well-managed forage system is one that maximizes yields with maximum...
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Routine water analyses can help monitor dairy cattle’s mineral intake. Rain or shine, flood or drought, water is critical to life. Then why is water the last place you look for problems when balancing dairy diets? That water is the most critical component of any diet goes without saying. This never has been so true as it is for lactating dairy cattle. Water is vital for milk production. You take steps for cows to receive adequate amounts of...
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Distillers grains (DG) are raising questions and concerns on North American dairy farms as corn grain prices continue to increase. Corn grain has three major alternatives for expanded or continued use (Lyons, 2006): Food for human consumption or human products Fuel as a source of stable and renewable ethanol Feed for livestock use Monogastric animals will have greater challenges until technology allows great inclusion of DG in swine and poultry rations....
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From Dr. Bruce Cottrill (ADAS, UK) presentation at Lallemand’s International Selenium yeast seminar (Grenaa, Denmark, 2007) Selenium in ruminants is a topic well-known of Dr Bruce Cottrill, a ruminant nutrition expert who works for ADAS, a UK independent environmental and agricultural consultancy and service provider. In 2000, he was commissioned by the UK Ministry of Agriculture to conduct a survey on how to improve cow milk selenium status. In Grenaa, Dr Cottrill...
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On October 28, 2004, the FDA approved the use of sodium monensin (Rumensin®) for improving efficiency of milk production in dairy cattle. This action allowed US dairy farmers to join the ranks of farmers around the world who are using ionophores to improve the efficiency of milk production by selective modification of rumen function. However, in order get the maximum value out of its application, it is important that the role of this tool be carefully examined alongside some of the other...
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Distillers grains -- a byproduct of ethanol production -- may serve as supplemental dairy cattle feed to boost milk and milk fat yields, while reducing feed costs. But the challenge is to determine what type of distillers grains are most effective and how much can be fed. Ohio State University Extension dairy specialists are evaluating the impacts of DGS (distillers grains with solubles) on milk fat levels in a cow’s diet and seeking explanations as to why those levels vary across...
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Raising dairy heifers from birth to calving comprises the second largest expense of milk production on the dairy farm—while deriving no revenue until the onset of lactation (Heinrichs, 1993). Therefore, many of the experiments involving dairy heifers have focused on ways to minimize costs associated with the growth period or to hasten onset of the productive period. Reducing the length of the growing period by decreasing the age at first calving below 22-24 months could overcome this...
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Ethanol production is increasing globally in response to demands for renewable energy. Distillers grains are one of the byproducts of ethanol production and as ethanol production increases, distillers grains supply increases. At first glance, distillers grains appear to be an excellent feed ingredient due to their moderate protein and energy levels. However, they are a by-product that currently has little or no...
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Enzymes are complex organic compounds comprised primarily of proteins. Their activity is due to a highly ordered three-dimensional structure that is specific for the substrate or molecules upon which the enzyme acts. The structural affinity of a digestive enzyme for its substrate determines its velocity or rate of catabolism. Enzyme structural affinity can be modified by numerous environmental factors, including: moisture, pH, temperature, and proteolysis. Some enzymes...
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For some years it has been evident that dairy cow nutrition models are vital to the continued success of the dairy industry. This is especially true as we recognize the importance, for example, of ruminal microbes and metabolism in body tissues to nutrient requirements. In addition, our production emphasis has shifted from only milk volume and fat to include milk protein percentage and yield. Mathematical models of nutrition have been in use for over three decades and have stimulated...
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Dairy producers are looking for means to increase feed efficiency, and improvements in feed efficiency can positively affect herd profitability even when changes in production or feed intake or both may be slight. Yeast culture has improved dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production in some research studies. Other studies have looked at the timing of using the product — for example, from before parturition through peak lactation and during heat stress. Recently, D.J....
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