Haemorrhagic septicaemia outbreaks in cattle with high mortality following wrong vaccinations in Adamawa and Taraba States, Nigeria

Store vaccines at ideal temperature: 5°C refrigerated vaccines. Different single-components of combination vaccines should never be mixed in the same syringe by an end-user unless specifically licensed for such use. Single-dose vials and manufacturer-filled syringes are designed for single-dose administration and should be discarded if vaccine has been withdrawn or reconstituted and subsequently not used within the time frame specified by the manufacturer. For live vaccines that require reconstitution, manufacturers typically recommend the vaccine be used as soon as possible after reconstitution and be discarded if not used within 30 minutes after reconstitution. In certain circumstances in which a single vaccine type is being used, filling a small number (10 or fewer) of syringes may be considered.
The doses should be administered as soon as possible after filling, by the same person who filled the syringes. Unused syringes that are prefilled by the manufacturer and activated (i.e., syringe cap removed or needle attached) should be discarded at the end of the clinic day.
The method of administration of injectable vaccines is determined, in part, by the inclusion of adjuvants in some vaccines. An adjuvant is a vaccine component distinct from the antigen that enhances the immune response to the antigen, but might also increase risk of adverse reactions. If multiple vaccines are administered at a single visit, administer each preparation at a different anatomic site. The location of all injection sites with the corresponding vaccine injected should be documented in each animal record. all veterinary health care should consider using a vaccination site map so that all veterinarian and veterinarian tech. administering vaccines routinely use a particular anatomic site for each particular vaccine. General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization from CDC "Vaccine Administration"

What treatment should be done in typical H.S.?