Comparison of nutrient dense corn nutritionally enhanced grain and no.2 yellow corn for broilers in the Dominican Republic
Published: May 26, 2011
By: Joaquin A. Paulino, Jerry C. Weige, (Exceed Genetics L.L.C)
Introduction:
Yellow dent corn yields have been greatly improved by plant breeders since the 1950s. Unfortunately, as yields heightened and other agronomic traits were improved nutritional quality declined and variability increased. A ready however, new generations of “value enhanced’’ corn with multiple advantageous traits are coming into the market. (J.C. Weigel, 1999).
In these new, nutrient dense types of corn, the emphasis is on specified, measurable consistency in nutrient content and quality. The goal is to help nutritionists increase the efficiency of animal production (J.C. Weigel, 1999).
During the last decade, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in order to influence the nutritional composition of corn by genetic manipulation. ( Cromwell et al. , 1967, bond et al .,1991).
Grain with designer traits offer opportunities for improved animal performance, potential health benefits for the animal, an alternative delivery mechanism for delivering feed additives, more flexibility in ration formulation possible reductions in feed formula cost and potentially environmentally friendly feeding ingredients.
NutriDense, nutrient- enhanced inbred /hybrids highly beneficial to livestock producers. These genetics are packed with higher crude protein, increased concentrations of essential amino acids with excellent digestibility, greater levels of key minerals, as elevated oil resulting in more energy content and better palatability. Plus, it has many environmental benefits.
Yellow dent corn yields have been greatly improved by plant breeders since the 1950s. Unfortunately, as yields heightened and other agronomic traits were improved nutritional quality declined and variability increased. A ready however, new generations of “value enhanced’’ corn with multiple advantageous traits are coming into the market. (J.C. Weigel, 1999).
In these new, nutrient dense types of corn, the emphasis is on specified, measurable consistency in nutrient content and quality. The goal is to help nutritionists increase the efficiency of animal production (J.C. Weigel, 1999).
During the last decade, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in order to influence the nutritional composition of corn by genetic manipulation. ( Cromwell et al. , 1967, bond et al .,1991).
Grain with designer traits offer opportunities for improved animal performance, potential health benefits for the animal, an alternative delivery mechanism for delivering feed additives, more flexibility in ration formulation possible reductions in feed formula cost and potentially environmentally friendly feeding ingredients.
NutriDense, nutrient- enhanced inbred /hybrids highly beneficial to livestock producers. These genetics are packed with higher crude protein, increased concentrations of essential amino acids with excellent digestibility, greater levels of key minerals, as elevated oil resulting in more energy content and better palatability. Plus, it has many environmental benefits.
The corn NutriDense for its high density in energy, protein and aminoacids essentials, can be a particla substitute of soybean meal in the diet.
Materials and Methods
Bird and Diets:
A commercial broiler unit in the Dominican republic was used to compare feeding programs with NutriDense nutritionally enhanced grain or #2 yellow corn as the grain sources on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in a 39 day trial.
Three groups of 9,000 and one group of 10,000 day old Cobb male and female broiler chickens were distributed across four poultry houses (10 bird /m² chicks were fed a pre- starter (0-7 days), starter(8-15 days), grower(16 - 28 days), and finisher(29 - 42 days) diets. Diets for each phase were formulated using either #2 yellow corn or NutriDense as the grain source. Two treatment diet (yellow corn and NutriDense) were formulated for each feeding phase to contain equal energy, protein, minerals and amino acid contents by varying the level of soybean meal and fat in the diet.
Two houses received the experimental diets formulated using yellow corn #2 and two houses received the NutriDense diets throughout the four phases of the experimental period. All diets were prepared in mash form.
Individual body weights were recorded weekly by randomly selecting and weighing 60 birds in each house Mortality, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were calculated from weekly and from whole house data at the end of the trial.
Results:
The two treatment diets were randomly assigned to 2 of the 4 houses:
T1 (house 1)=Diet formulated with conventional corn.
T2 (house 2)= Diet formulated with NutriDense nutritionally enhanced grain.
T3 (house 3)= Diet formulated with conventional corn.
T4 (house 4)= Diet formulated with NutriDense nutritionally enhanced grain.
The growth, feed consumption and mortality data were statistically analysed using a SAS test over the six weeks of the experiment.
Average weekly weights of the 60 birds sampled in each house and the average of the two houses for each treatment are show in table 1 and figure 1. Birds fed NutriDense (T2 and T4) were significantly heavier (p<0.05) during the 39 day feeding period.
Table 1. Average weekly weigh (pound) of 60 birds in each house.
WeekT1T2T3T41 & 32 &
410.320.340.260.290.320.3220.700.770.680.720.690.7531.291.451.321.531.341.4942.282.432.302. 482.292.4653.283.692.403.753.323.7263.984.193.784.323.884.26
Materials and Methods
Bird and Diets:
A commercial broiler unit in the Dominican republic was used to compare feeding programs with NutriDense nutritionally enhanced grain or #2 yellow corn as the grain sources on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in a 39 day trial.
Three groups of 9,000 and one group of 10,000 day old Cobb male and female broiler chickens were distributed across four poultry houses (10 bird /m² chicks were fed a pre- starter (0-7 days), starter(8-15 days), grower(16 - 28 days), and finisher(29 - 42 days) diets. Diets for each phase were formulated using either #2 yellow corn or NutriDense as the grain source. Two treatment diet (yellow corn and NutriDense) were formulated for each feeding phase to contain equal energy, protein, minerals and amino acid contents by varying the level of soybean meal and fat in the diet.
Two houses received the experimental diets formulated using yellow corn #2 and two houses received the NutriDense diets throughout the four phases of the experimental period. All diets were prepared in mash form.
Individual body weights were recorded weekly by randomly selecting and weighing 60 birds in each house Mortality, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were calculated from weekly and from whole house data at the end of the trial.
Results:
The two treatment diets were randomly assigned to 2 of the 4 houses:
T1 (house 1)=Diet formulated with conventional corn.
T2 (house 2)= Diet formulated with NutriDense nutritionally enhanced grain.
T3 (house 3)= Diet formulated with conventional corn.
T4 (house 4)= Diet formulated with NutriDense nutritionally enhanced grain.
The growth, feed consumption and mortality data were statistically analysed using a SAS test over the six weeks of the experiment.
Average weekly weights of the 60 birds sampled in each house and the average of the two houses for each treatment are show in table 1 and figure 1. Birds fed NutriDense (T2 and T4) were significantly heavier (p<0.05) during the 39 day feeding period.
Table 1. Average weekly weigh (pound) of 60 birds in each house.
WeekT1T2T3T41 & 32 &
410.320.340.260.290.320.3220.700.770.680.720.690.7531.291.451.321.531.341.4942.282.432.302. 482.292.4653.283.692.403.753.323.7263.984.193.784.323.884.26
Table 2. Average weekly feed and total feed consumption(pound).
WeekT1T2T3T4 1 & 32 &
410.330.330.300.310.320.3220.620.620.560.600.590.6131.051.181.031.091.041.1441.601.651. 581.601.591.6351.882.031.921.981.902.0161.451.661.451.711.081.03overall 6.57 6.80 6.45 6.64 6.51 6.72
Feed efficiency was calculated by dividing the average total feed consumed per bird by the average final weight of the birds. Feed efficiency were statically differ (p<0.05) between birds fed the two corn sources table 3 and figure 3.
Table3. Feed efficiency.
WeekT1T2T3T41 & 32 &
411.030.971.151.071.091.0220.890.810.820.830.860.8230.810.810.780.710.800.7640.700.680.690. 650.700.6650.580.550.560.530.570.5460.270.240.280.250.280.24overall1.651.621.711.541.681.58
The percentage of weekly mortality was calculated dividing the birds died during the week between the present existence. Moreover was practiced post mortem exam to identify the possible causes of the mortality. The mortality were statically differ (p<0.05) between birds fed the two corn sources table 4 and figure 4.
Table 4.weekly mortality.
WeekT1T2T3T41 & 32 &
411.311.121.261.321.291.2221.231.281.231.241.231.2631.381.301.491.391.441.3541.651.291. 451.251.551.2751.862.001.891.951.881.9860.970.931.020.881.000.91Overall8.407.928.338.028.377.97
The results of trial demonstrate that broiler diets containing NutriDense as the grain source support increased growth rate, decrease of 10 points in the nutritional efficiency, saving of approximately 3.25 dollars for ton of food, better feather and colouring of the skin, smaller emitting of nutrients to the environment , birds more healthy and 0.40 % less mortality as compared to diets containing #2YC, when formulated on an equal energy, protein, amino acid basis and minerals.
References:
Parsons, C.M., Y. Han. 1987. Nutritive value of high oil corn for poultry. Poultry Sci.66:103-111.
Parsons, C.M., Y. Zhan and M. Araba. 1998. Availability of amino acids in high oil corn. Poultry Sci. 77:1016-1090.
Adams, R.L. and J.C. Rogler. 1970. A comparison of Opaque-2 and normal corn in a finishing ration for turkeys. Poultry Sci. 49:1114-1116.
Prince T, Schnelle K, Paulino J, Martinez G. Comparison of supercede nutritionally enhance grain and No.2 yellow corn for broilers in Dominican Republic.
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