Interpretations & Co-Relations of Viral Diseases viz. IBD, ID, ND & ILT in Commercial Broilers on the Basis of Blood Titer Reports, History, Clinical Signs & Lesions

As everybody aware that in the livestock industry diagnosis of any disease or disorder is a challenge for technician/veterinarian or expert in this field.

As like the human beings, livestock are unable to express their problems so depending upon the clinical signs shown by them and history told by the owner, we have to diagnose the preliminary causes.

But for final conclusion we have to go for post mortem findings i.e. pathological lesions and laboratory tests like histopathology , Serology, stool testing urine testing etc.

I have selected some farms for case study from one of the Integrator in Maharashtra. This integrator has a single source for Day old Broiler Chick. Looking after that I have decided to collect the blood samples from different age groups from different farms & locations.

Every farmer has the same vaccination schedule applied with same source of Vaccines too. The integrator has some past blood titre reports with him for the same source of chicks and that also I have tried to correlate with present study.

After selecting the farms, I have collected the samples and send to one of the laboratory in India for testing. After getting the titer reports and interpretations from their end, I have tried to correlate the same with history, clinical signs, post mortem lesions and mortality pattern at respective farm. The all data is summarized below…

 

 

Laboratory Interpretation: Day old chicks are carrying antibodies for ILT and very high antibody titers for IBD.

I have never seen such high MAB titer for IBD so as per me there may be possibility that the breeder flock was infected with field challenge of IBD or breeders were recently vaccinated with any hot strain of IBD vaccine. As chicks from this source have a history of severe GOUT mortality related to the nephropathic IB infection in breeders & the above titre report itself supporting to the history & present outbreaks of GOUT at farm level.

Here the MAB titer for IBD are good indicating better vaccinations at breeder level but titers shown for IB are high and which are supporting to the present history of severe GOUT mortality on farms.

Please find serum antibody titers of samples dated 09-05-2011 for M/S Balasaheb Ghodke.

Here also the MAB titer for IBD are good indicating better vaccinations at breeder level but titers shown for IB are high and which are supporting to the present history of severe GOUT mortality on farms.

I have never seen such high MAB titers for IBD in past what shown for M/s. Prashant Bhor and for the same source of chicks this much deviation shown within a 20 -25 days of span. What this indicates? Please find some past report for the same chick source for your reference…

I expect your updating and valuable advice on the same. As per me "for the chicks received from the good management & regularly vaccinated breeder flocks will show the MAB for ND ranging between 4 to 5 on Log 2 titers & for IBD ranging between 7500 - 8000 Titers.

Now what MAB shown for IBD in M/s.Prashant Bhor Flock are objectionable for two conditions stated below:

1) I feel that 99% breeder flock may be got the field challenge of IBD. 2) Or may be those are the vaccine titers passed to DOC if recently the breeder flock was vaccinated with any HOT IBD vaccine.

Due to the severe respiratory problem & history of GOUT mortality at all farms, blood samples were collected & tested on 10.05.2011. All farms reports supports to what we have diagnosed at field level on the basis of the clinical signs & lesions. So its clear cut indicates that the all tested flocks may be carriers for IB Virus.

3) In this summer season, except the one area of the producers operation, there was no any clinical outbreak of IBD infection. Flock without showing the clinical signs, mortality & lesions for IBD, blood reports are showing such alarming IBD titers which are mind boggling. Find below blood titre report

Looking after the history of continuous GOUT mortality & outbreaks at all farms blood sample were collected from below farms history of GOUT mortality in the first week and results supports to the diagnosis done at field level on the basis on clinical signs & respiratory lesions found that all flocks were affected with IB infections.

 

 

 

 

 

 

I am totally agree with the Laboratory interpretations for IB as on farm showing the clinical signs & lesions indicating the IB infection but I am not agree with the interpretation that the flock was exposed to ND as up to age of 40 without giving any booster vaccine birds have not shown any clinical signs & lesions matching with the RD.