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ABTL Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Ltd
Xylanase: A way to curb menacing effect of NSP’s
Published: August 4, 2022
By: ABTL Enzymes. Contact: Sumit Sipany
Introduction
The poultry industry is one of the most dynamic industries in world of agri-business, and feed is the backbone of this industry. But, with rising feed ingredients cost, making a good quality feed at low price has become a challenge for the poultry industry. To minimize the impact of rising prices of conventional feed ingredients, the other option is the use of unconventional raw materials. Many of these products contain high levels of plant cell wall (non-starch polysaccharides) (NSPs), which cannot be digested by the endogenous enzymes, but we can overcome this problem by supplementing exogenous NSPase as per the raw material in poultry feed.
NSP and Bird’s Health
A. Digestion of energy rich feed stuff:
In poultry, NSPs degradation mainly occurs in the crop or gizzard. The degree of NSP degradation in monogastric animals is related to their solubility and depends on the type of polymers and their structural associations with other cell wall components. Solubilization of NSP is facilitated by a decreasing chain length, change in polysaccharide structures, low degree of substitution, or weak linkages with other polysaccharides and cell wall components. Poultry, have a relatively short colon with a rapid digesta transit, due to which the fermentative capacity of this species is limited almost exclusively to the soluble NSP fraction.
B. Antinutritive property of NSP:
- Surface activity of NSP results in binding to the surface of feed particles after ingestion, reducing the accessibility and absorption of nutrients from the diet.
- NSP contribute to the physical properties of the digesta, such as viscosity and hydration properties, thereby influencing digesta transit time, bulking properties, microbial activity, gut physiology function and endogenous losses, again potentially reducing nutrient digestion and absorption. The impact of these antinutritive properties on nutrient digestion can be significant.
Utilization of NSP rich feed stuff: Improving feed quality and feed cost
By combination of processing technologies and NSPs degrading enzyme (Xylanase) we can improve feed quality. The processing technologies if used without NSPase, result in different fraction of soluble NSP, which increases the viscosity; but when used with enzymes it improves feed value.
Xylanase, NSPase need of an hour?
Xylanase is a class of enzyme that degrade the linear polysaccharide xylan into xylose thus breaking down into hemicellulose. Commercially, xylanases are produced by filamentous fungi and bacteria.
For any xylanase to deliver maximum result it needs to work optimally at the pH 5.7 - 7.0 (but have wide range of activity) and should not be digested by body enzymes. It should also be able to bear a pelleting temperature.
B. Importance of Xylanase:
- Energy is usually the most expensive nutrient, and research confirms that 450-500 kcal/kg of valuable energy in a typical poultry diet is not digestible. The addition of Xylanase enzyme has been shown to release upto 120 kcal/kg of energy
- Xylanase also reduces the nutrient availability for cecal pathogen
NSP’s in different feed formulation
Observation
As the inclusion of unconventional raw material is increase, so does the NSP (Arabinoxylan) content. The negative impact of this is depression in growth, performance and overall FCR will increase; leading to subsequent economic loss.
What's the Solution?
The logical solution is to somehow degrade NSP, this is done by adding NSPase enzyme especially xylanase enzyme. The xylanase enzyme degrades the arabinoxylan component of feed & releases energy. (80-120 Kcal ME/kg).
XylaOpt™ is an intrinsically thermostable, pepsin resistant, endo-1,4-β-xylanase (2,00,000 BXU/g) with optimal pH (5.6-7.0) activity profile. It improves digestion by reducing viscosity & reduces production cost by releasing nutrients.
XylaOpt™ inclusion @100g / ton provides up to 105 - 115 Kcal ME/kg in corn SBM based diet. Depending upon the feed composition higher energy release might also be possible.
XylaOpt™ and Nutri-economics
As discussed earlier, about the presence of NSP's in feed and its effect on the digestibility of nutrient and loss of energy (in the form of undigested feed) that culminates in poor health and economic loss.
The cost of producing pre-starter feed of energy value 2950 kcal/kg is ₹43.
The cost of producing starter feed of energy value 3100 kcal/kg is ₹42.
The cost of producing finisher feed of energy value 3200 kcal/kg is ₹41.
The intangible benefit of adding is that it has prebiotic effect and maintains gut health.
*For the sake of calculation, mean value is taken
The intangible benefit of adding is that it has prebiotic effect and maintains gut health
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ABTL Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Ltd
29 de julio de 2023
Quick glimpse on the benefits of using XylaOpt :-
1. Intrinsically thermostable xylanase up to 95 degree Celsius.
2. Unique pH activity profile.
3. Optimal NSP breakdown & nutrients release.
4. Reduces digesta viscosity & improves passage rate.
5. Significantly minimizes litter moisture content by 14-16%.
6. Improves flock uniformity.
7. Improves BWG & FCR in broilers.
8. Improves egg performance in layers.
9. Not hydrolyzed by proteolytic enzyme in proventriculus & gizzard.
10 Feed cost savings.
ABTL Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Ltd
20 de enero de 2023
Xylanase enzyme in Poultry feed improves gut health and enhances flock productivity .??
1. Xylans are the most prevalent type of NSP in poultry feed grains, representing up to 43% of the total NSP content.
2. Research confirms that 450-500 kcal/kg of valuable energy in a typical poultry diet is not digestible. ?
a) The addition of enzyme feed additives has been shown to make up to 30% (135 kcal/kg) of this energy digestible (Cowieson, 2010). ??
3. Xylanase enzymes hydrolyze glycosidic bonds in xylans that make up cell walls, resulting in the release of the encapsulated nutrients.??
4. Feed enzyme appli- cation in diets for poultry is also one of the most researched fields in poultry science today, with over 2 500 independ- ent enzyme trials conducted with broilers alone (Rosen, 2010).??
5. Energy is usually the most expensive nutritional component of poultry diets.
a) Therefore, a higher efficiency in its utilisation will result in lower feed cost.?
6. Feed digestion occurs mainly in the small intestine of poultry (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) as evidenced by the amount of time the digesta material remains in these areas of the bird’s gut.
a) The majority of absorption of nutrients also occurs in the small intestine due to the presence of a higher number of villi, the site of nutrient absorption.
b) For any enzyme to deliver maximum results, it needs to work optimally at the 5.7-7.0 pH range occurring in the small intestine (Sturkie, 2000).
c) In the field of nutrition and food technology, the most significant aspects will be the use of enzymes, the evaluation of non-nutritional factors, which may maximise ingredient utilisation by the birds.
7. Enzymes will be increasingly used,
a) as they improve ingredient digestibility and nutrient absorption (Cowan et al., 1996),
b) as well as reduce the detrimental effects of anti-nutritional factors, thereby allowing higher flexibility in the use of feedstuffs as well as reducing feed costs (Ferket, 2009)
c) and pollutant excretion in animal waste (Penz-Jr and Bruno, 2010).
d) In addition enzymes lowers feed costs, this will also reduce nitrogen excretion in the environment (Nahm, 2002).??
8. A highly viscous composition of the digested material in the bird’s intestine causes a decrease in the passage rate through the gastrointestinal tract.
a) As a result, nutrient diffusion and absorption in the foregut is reduced, and unabsorbed nutrients are allowed to enter the hindgut where they facilitate the proliferation of detrimental bacteria.
b) High digesta viscosity further impairs poultry nutrition by reducing feed intake.
9. Xylanase improves gut health in poultry and is a Energy Booster and has ability to improve digestibility of plant-based feed ingredients and to reduce digesta viscosity is well-accepted.??
a) Xylanase appear to be partially related to their indirect impact on mucosal morphology of the small intestine of birds.
10. In the intestine, undigested NSPs, including arabinoxylans, stimulate the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria
a) Xylanase reduces nutrient availability for cecal pathogens
and it not only reduces digesta viscosity through the hydrolysis of soluble arabinoxylans in the small intestine;
11. This process can also improve gut health by generating xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), which are fermented, particularly in the foregut.
a) These have a prebiotic effect that selectively stimulates the growth of beneficial gram-positive bacteria in the foregut .??
b) This greater level of beneficial microbial activity and growth in turn boosts production of volatile fatty acids, which can then be absorbed and utilised by the animal as an energy source.
12. Xylanase reduces oxidative stress in the gut and It reduces mucin secretion.
a) Mucin is an excellent nutrient source for some pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli and Clostridium perfringens.??
b) Necrotic Enteritis, characterized by Clostridium perfringens, costs the global poultry industry about $2 billion annually (Ducatelle and Immerseel, 2010).
Dr V. Rajendra Prasad
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ABTL Advanced Bio-Agro Tech Ltd