Effect of the B1 fumonisin: injuries histopatologic lesions in pig kidney and identification of the of the PRRS virus

The FAO (1999) estimates that at least 25 % of world grain and seed production is contaminated by fungi and their mycotoxins, and are considered as one of the greatest risks that affect human and animal health. The fumonisins have been associated with certain diseases in animals such as the leucoencefalomalacia in equines (ELEM) and pig lung edema (PLE). The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (vPRRS) has economically impacted the national and international swine industry, for 20 years.

The reference Strain ATCC 2332 of the PRRS virus was cultivated in MA-104 African Green monkey kidney cells, and the pigs were challenged with 10⁴ TCFF₅₀ /ml. The FB1 used was a standard (SIGMA), in 5 mg and 10 mg vials with 98 % purity. A stock solution was prepared at a concentration of 87ppm in distilled water. The FB1was administered to weaned pigs in 12ppm (mg/kg live-weight) by the oral route by means of a probe. Experimental animals: Twenty five recently weaned pigs 22-36 Days of age, with a weight of 4.17 to 7.6 kg, from a vPRRS free farm were used. The animals were distributed into 5 groups; each group consisting of five pigs Group A: negative Control. Group B: Treated with FB1 12 ppm on day 0 (beginning of the experiment). Group C: inoculated with PRRSv on day 8. Group D: inoculated with vPRRS on day 0 and simultaneously intoxicated with FB1 12ppm. day 0 day 0. Group E: intoxicated with FB1 12ppm on day 0 and inoculated with vPRRS on day 8. Blood was collected in vacuum tubes containing EDTA on days 0, 8, 16 and 18, for processing by the nested RT-PCR technique to identify the PRRSv. For the histopathological study samples of kidney were collected and fixed in 10 % buffered formalin for further processing (4) and finally stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

The kidney lesions observed are suggestive of toxic processes, apparently in proximal convoluted tubules, that can relate to the presence of FB1, so we suggest conducting trials to evaluate these effect. Glomerulonephritis and the PRRSv can lead to a hipoproteínemia and to the development of edema. In Group C, where only PRRSv was applied, we also noted kidney injuries, it was noteworthy since the presence of these alterations in this pathology is not common. It has been reported kidney lesions associated with infection of the PRRSv, showing inflammatory infiltration observed in renal cortex and Medulla, as well as renal vascular changes.

We need to focus an investigation that concentrates in assessment of renal damage in pigs by FB1

Disclosure of Interest: None Declared.