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Mycotoxins in silage
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are harmful to animals and humans [1]. Monogastric animals are considered to be more susceptible to the toxic effects of mycotoxins than ruminants as the rumen microbiota are capable to degrade some of those toxic molecules to less toxic metabolites [2–4]. In addition, intrinsic rumen fluid factors, such as bacterial and yeast cell walls and feed particles, can deactivate mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxins and...
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Introduction Pressed sugar beet pulp (PSBP) is frequently ensiled in plastic bags and represent a valuable feed component of feed rations for ruminants. However, its high susceptibility to fungal infestation during feed-out, especially in summer, often results in low stability and poor hygienic quality (Kalzendorf, 2007). Therefore, especially the use of chemical additives containing salts of sorbic, benzoic and and/or propionic acids, has attracted significant attention...
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1. Introduction Wheat is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) world-wide which causes both yield and quality losses, in addition to contamination of harvested grain with mycotoxins, particularly zearalenone (ZEN) and type B trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol (DON). There are strict regulations in place for maximum contamination levels of these two toxins to reduce accumulation in the human and animal food chains. Both mycotoxins can be produced pre- and post-harvest....
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1. Introduction Maize or corn (Zea mays L.) is a cereal of extreme importance in the diets of many populations, contributing especially as a source of energy because of its high content of starches (up to 73% of kernel weight), proteins (8–13.7%), fatty acids (4–5.4%), as well as vitamins and minerals [1,2]. Corn grits are produced by removing the outer bran, the germ, and the tip cap of the grains, followed by grinding into smaller coarse bits. A wide variety of...
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1. Introduction
Modern feed mills produce a wide range of products on a daily basis, regardless of whether they have one or several processing lines. Formulated diets are often composed of more than 20 ingredients and each of the ingredients is carefully selected based on the nutritional quality, safety, price, and availability [1]. Safe ingredients are important for the production of safe animal feed, which is in turn important for animal health, production of safe...
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Mycotoxin Testing in the Feed Chain: A Risk Prevention Strategy for Raw Material Suppliers, Grain Storage Facilities and Processors, and Feed Manufacturers
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This year continues the chain of years with unusual harvest conditions driven by rapid weather changes in the latter part of the growing season. In mid August, crops were significantly ahead of schedule in terms of maturity. Heat and moisture in May and June accelerated the pace of development, to the point that signs of maturity were evident by the 15 th of August. Rains followed by above average temperatures began over Labor Day weekend, and have been repeated...
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Dr. Yanhong Zhang (National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center) discussed storage and weather conditions, as well as detection methods for mycotoxins in DDGS, during the 22nd Annual Distillers Grains Symposium in Des Moines, Iowa....
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Professor of Applied Mycology, Naresh Magan, speaks at the Latin American Congress of Mycotoxins about Pre and Post-harvest intervention strategies: will climate change factors impact on mycotoxin control? ...
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Introduction Currently, the increasing demand for specific quality wheat by the milling sector and the food industry points out the necessity of obtaining wheat lots with high and homogeneous technological quality. Among the various wheat categories, the demand for the excel grade is increasing. Baking products of superior quality require standardized improver wheat flour characterized by high protein (GPC) and gluten contents, strength of dough (W) and dough stability...
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Effects of Deoxynivalenol-Contaminated Diets on Metabolic and Immunological Parameters in Broiler Chickens
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Introduction Over the last decade, the increasing attention paid to safety aspects has affected cereal supply chains: the lack of adequate sanitary parameters pertaining to the presence of contaminants is actually the first cause of the decrease in the market value of cereal commodities (Pinotti and Dell’Orto, 2011). Mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites represent the most insidious safety risks for cereal food and the feed supply chain (Pinotti et al., 2016). The...
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1. Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically devastating disease of wheat and other small grains [1]-[4]. The quality and yield loss might be significant, but the losses caused by toxins are economically more important. As chemical protection, in spite of its progress [5]-[10], has only a moderate effect, the necessity of breeding more resistant wheat cultivars is inevitable. It is generally assumed that...
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Mycotoxin Testing in the Feed Chain: A Risk Prevention Strategy for Raw Material Suppliers, Grain Storage Facilities and Processors, and Feed Manufacturers
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INTRODUCTION It is well established that maize grain can be invaded by fungi, which generally cause losses in weight and quality. Moreover, some of the fungi associated with maize are known to contaminate the grain with mycotoxins posing serious hazard to consumer health. On the basis of adverse effects on human and animal health and widespread contamination, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol (replaced in some areas by...
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Research and Markets has announced the addition of the "Global Feed Mycotoxin Detoxifiers Market - Growth, Trends and Forecasts (2017 - 2022)" report to their offering.
The global feed mycotoxin detoxifiers market was estimated at a value of USD 1967.8 million in 2016. It is projected to reach USD 2341.8 million by 2021, at a CAGR of 3.5% during the forecast...
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Originally published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology Introduction Silage consists in green forage preserved by spontaneous lactic fermentation under anaerobic conditions (Miller 2001). The primary purpose of making silage is to maximize the preservation of original nutrients in the forage crop with minimum losses in the nutritional quality that allows its use as fodder...
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Mycotoxins are a group of structurally different secondary fungal metabolites that occur as contaminant of grains in worldwide crops (FAO). Species of fungi like Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Claviceps are everywhere in nature, and under ideal conditions, often infect economically important crops and forages during storage, transportation and processing. However, several hundreds of mycotoxins can be associated with animal disorders. The most important to be...
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Effects of Deoxynivalenol-Contaminated Diets on Metabolic and Immunological Parameters in Broiler Chickens
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Introduction
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites secreted by molds mostly belonging to the Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera (Yiannikouris and Jouany, 2002). The ubiquitous nature of mycotoxins and the severity of their effects on human health make them a major food safety concern. The Food and Agriculture Organization...
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I would like to ask about aflatoxin in beet pulp silage. What is the maximum limit? If I found a high level, is mycosorb safe? Thanks a lot ...
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Mycotoxin Testing in the Feed Chain: A Risk Prevention Strategy for Raw Material Suppliers, Grain Storage Facilities and Processors, and Feed Manufacturers
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Overview This application note presents a validated LC-MS/MS method to detect 9 Fusarium toxins and Ochratoxin A in diluted crude extracts of grain. The developed sample preparation procedure is quick, easy, robust, and inexpensive. The LC-MS/MS method in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) detects all compounds in a single run with Limits of Quantitation (LOQ) between 0.3...
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As the wheat crop goes into the flowering stage, growers need to monitor local conditions for the fungus Fusarium graminearum , more commonly known as head scab, said a Purdue University expert.
"We've had a lot of rain and high humidity in Indiana as wheat begins to flower," said Kiersten Wise, Purdue Extension field crops disease specialist. "These conditions favor head scab development, and farmers need to be deciding whether or not to apply a fungicide to...
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