VARIOUS MYCOTOXINS
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS
(BORRELL 1989) |
||
Aflatoxin* | Hepatic size
enlargement Increase in proto-combining time Pro-ventricle size enlargement Laying reduction Embryo development delay Sericeous protein reduction |
Increase in
coagulation time Corporal size reduction Gizzard size enlargement Testicle atrophia Embryo malformations Antibody absorption reduction |
Ochratoxin A* | Kidney weight increase Increased Urate deposits biliary conducts multiplication Immunization defenses reduction |
Corporal Weight loss Sexual maturity delay Laying reduction |
Rubratoxin B* | Hepatic hypertrophy Embryo malformation |
Fabricius bag Atrophia |
Diacetoxycirpernol* | Lymphatic tissue necropsy Biliary vesicle necropsy |
Spinal cord necropsy |
T-2* | Mouth necropsy VII factor and proto-combining reduction |
Hepatic hypertrophy Subcutaneous edema |
Zearalenone* | Liver weight increase Kidney weight increase Testicle intestinal fibrosis Testicle weight reduction |
Heart weight increase Estrogenic effect Crest size reduction |
Citrinin* | Renal size enlargement Urine production increase |
Increase in water Consumption |
Penicilloic* Acid Sterigmata-cystine | Heart muscle alteration Hepatic necropsy |
Renal necropsy |
Penitrem A and B* | Neurotoxic | |
Patulin | Hepatic alteration | |
Note: The combination of two or more mycotoxins, even at LOW levels can be more toxic than one toxin at a high level and might NOT show the same symptoms as one mycotoxin. | ||
SWINE CLINICAL MYCOTOXICOSIS
(OSWEILER, 1992) |
||
Toxin
|
Category
|
Clinical Effect
|
Aflatoxin |
Development / grow-out
|
* Growth and feed conversion
reduction. * Liver microscopic lesions, colangio-hepatitis, hepatic serological enzymes enlargement * Feed consumption reduction, hardened hair, hypertony. * Coagulation apathy, depression, anorexia. * Acute hepatitis, and mortality in 3 to 10 days. |
Sow / Reproductive
Stage |
* No conception effect, normal slow growing suckling pigs because of aflatoxin in the milk. | |
Ochratoxin and Citrinin
|
Grow-out |
* Moderate renal lesions.
reduction in weight gain. * Polydypsia, reduced growth, glycosuria and polyuria |
Sows / Reproductive Stage
|
* Normal when they eat
on the first month |
|
Tricotecen T-2 and DAS
|
Development /Grow-out |
* Reduced feed consumption,
oral and dermal irritation. * Full rejection and vomiting. |
Deoxynivalenol |
* Reduced feed consumption. * Full rejection |
|
Zearalenone F-2 |
Reproductive Sows |
* vulvovaginitis, Prolapse
|
Cycling sows |
* Persistency of anestra
lutea body. * Pseudopregnancy |
|
Pregnant sows |
* Early embryo mortality
when feeding * 1-3 weeks post-service. |
|
Fumonisin |
Swine |
* Acute lung edema, hepatitis,
lymphoblasts genesis paralysis, reduced feed consumption |
VARIOUS MYCOTOXINS
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS
(SHULLY CHEEKE, 1983) |
||
SYSTEM
|
MYCOTOXINS
|
|
* Metabolic System: |
||
- Carbohydrates
metabolism |
Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Phomopsin A | |
- Lipids metabolism
|
Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, T-2, Citrinin, Rubratoxin B | |
- Vitamin assimilation
|
Aflatoxin, dicumarol | |
- Protein synthesis
|
Aflatoxin, Trichothecenes | |
- Mitochondrial
respiration |
Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Rubratoxin B, Patulin | |
* Endocrine
system |
Aflatoxin, Zearalenone, Ergot, Alkaloids | |
* Skeletal system |
Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A | |
Note: The combination of two or more mycotoxins, even at LOW levels can be more toxic than one toxin at a high level and might NOT show the same symptoms as one mycotoxin. | ||