Clinical Micotoxicosis

VARIOUS MYCOTOXINS BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS (BORRELL 1989)
Aflatoxin*	Hepatic size enlargement Increase in proto-combining time Pro-ventricle size enlargement Laying reduction Embryo development delay Sericeous protein reduction	Increase in coagulation time Corporal size reduction Gizzard size enlargement Testicle atrophia Embryo malformations Antibody absorption reduction

Ochratoxin A*	Kidney weight increase Increased Urate deposits biliary conducts multiplication Immunization defenses reduction	Corporal Weight loss Sexual maturity delay Laying reduction

Rubratoxin B*	Hepatic hypertrophy Embryo malformation	Fabricius bag Atrophia

Diacetoxycirpernol*	Lymphatic tissue necropsy Biliary vesicle necropsy	Spinal cord necropsy

T-2*	Mouth necropsy VII factor and proto-combining reduction	Hepatic hypertrophy Subcutaneous edema

Zearalenone*	Liver weight increase Kidney weight increase Testicle intestinal fibrosis Testicle weight reduction	Heart weight increase Estrogenic effect Crest size reduction

Citrinin*	Renal size enlargement Urine production increase	Increase in water Consumption

Penicilloic* Acid Sterigmata-cystine	Heart muscle alteration Hepatic necropsy	Renal necropsy

Penitrem A and B*	Neurotoxic

Patulin	Hepatic alteration

Note: The combination of two or more mycotoxins, even at LOW levels can be more toxic than one toxin at a high level and might NOT show the same symptoms as one mycotoxin.


SWINE CLINICAL MYCOTOXICOSIS (OSWEILER, 1992)
Toxin	Category	Clinical Effect
Aflatoxin	Development / grow-out	* Growth and feed conversion reduction. * Liver microscopic lesions, colangio-hepatitis, hepatic serological enzymes enlargement * Feed consumption reduction, hardened hair, hypertony. * Coagulation apathy, depression, anorexia. * Acute hepatitis, and mortality in 3 to 10 days.

	Sow / Reproductive Stage	* No conception effect, normal slow growing suckling pigs because of aflatoxin in the milk.

Ochratoxin and Citrinin	Grow-out	* Moderate renal lesions. reduction in weight gain. * Polydypsia, reduced growth, glycosuria and polyuria

	Sows / Reproductive Stage	* Normal when they eat on the first month

Tricotecen T-2 and DAS	Development /Grow-out	* Reduced feed consumption, oral and dermal irritation. * Full rejection and vomiting.

Deoxynivalenol		* Reduced feed consumption. * Full rejection

Zearalenone F-2	Reproductive Sows	* vulvovaginitis, Prolapse

	Cycling sows	* Persistency of anestra lutea body. * Pseudopregnancy

	Pregnant sows	* Early embryo mortality when feeding * 1-3 weeks post-service.

Fumonisin	Swine	* Acute lung edema, hepatitis, lymphoblasts genesis paralysis, reduced feed consumption


VARIOUS MYCOTOXINS BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS (SHULLY CHEEKE, 1983)
SYSTEM	MYCOTOXINS
* Metabolic System:
- Carbohydrates metabolism	Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Phomopsin A
- Lipids metabolism	Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, T-2, Citrinin, Rubratoxin B
- Vitamin assimilation	Aflatoxin, dicumarol
- Protein synthesis	Aflatoxin, Trichothecenes
- Mitochondrial respiration	Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, Rubratoxin B, Patulin
* Endocrine system	Aflatoxin, Zearalenone, Ergot, Alkaloids
* Skeletal system	Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A

Note: The combination of two or more mycotoxins, even at LOW levels can be more toxic than one toxin at a high level and might NOT show the same symptoms as one mycotoxin.

Clinical Micotoxicosis

Advantages of using lateral flow strip tests

An impact of Deoxynivalenol produced by Fusarium graminearum on broiler chickens