Althea Agbi Kuje

Narayan Banik This questions are very relevant and thank you Bank Pasturela multocida produced as well in it's pathogenesis endotoxin which additionally damage the liver,my prescription for the holistic management of fowl cholera must include the use of toxin binder,however unfortunately I did not mention this in my lecture because we did not use it in the case study presented,but more understan ...

Fowl cholera is very difficult to control but needs to maintain the highest standards of biosecurity plus proper vaccination schedule. In commercial layers, once it enters the flock it is recurrent after 12 weeks but sometimes within 4 weeks of time. Liver parenchyma tissue needs regeneration by proper treatment. My experience with fowl cholera in commercial layers multiple aged farms are in risk ...

Dear Jignesh Barot, of course tarsus-metatarsus bone marrow is a sample of choice if the only available sample is a dead bird as, for instance, only could happen when an hipper-acute presentation of the disease occurs in which the only clinical sign in the appearance of sudden deaths which may take place whilst the rest of the flock show any disease signs of fowl cholerae and you only available sa ...

Hi to all: I agree with Mr Robert that basically prolapse is because of management topics but to analyse the causes and to solve it must look at which age it occurs?1- Just after start of production2- in the middle age whiteout observe it before that time3- in aged flocks for example more than 60 weeks age? In start of production it is the very bad kind and is due to bed management in rearing, spe ...

Dear All,beside nutrition - Prolapse is basically an overall management topic. Just to focus only on nutrition will never solve or reduce Prolapse problems.Robert

There several reasons which contributes to the prolapse in commercial layers. Nutrition is one among the major factors which leads to the prolapse such as high energy and protein ratio at early stage of laying might lead to the production of large eggs before prior complete skeletal development eventually uterine prolapse; improper calcium/phosphorous ratio may hinder absorption of calcium whilst ...

Past history shows that HVT monovalent vaccine remained protective till early 1980's - then very virulent viruses (vvMD) emerged. Industry started bivlent vaccine (serotype-2 MD vaccines combined with HVT) which gave good protection till early 1990s - then very virulent plus (vv+) MD emerged. This suggests that current management of intensive poultry farming is favouring increase in the virulen ...

Thank you for your all your valuable opinions. I like the new vision of dr Adejoro of the influence of mycotoxins on immune system function. According to reply of dr Chris Morrow indeed the best idea is rearing off of farms, However it is obvious that in many cases the main goal is highly profitable and fast production without rearing off farms. However I am thankful for your opinion and I always ...

Double vaccination is very interesting. Double dose -  Single dose applied twice (to cover missed ones). The dutch like to give Rispens in the leg muscle using data showing protection one day earlier than intramuscular  Revaccination at one or two or three or four weeks. There are many examples where birds that are stressed (no water, or no feed [double brooding without hiting growth ...