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Parasites in dairy cattle
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A cross sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and intensity of parasitic infections in dairy cattle in the high tropics of Colombia. A total of 1003 rectal samples were collected from dairy cows at 29 farms between May and June 2014 to represent the number of farms, age groups, and size of the 65,000-cow population in the municipality of San Pedro de los Milagros. Coprological techniques were used to detect gastrointestinal nematodes, liver flukes, coccidian oocysts, and...
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Enterococcal bacteria are found in several ecosystems and are useful as a fecal indicator for water quality and models of infection involving core and variable genetics elements that are not fully understood (1). Bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus are part of the microbiome of the cattle tick gut and may be found in female, male, and egg samples (2); additionally, several isolates of Enterococcus species bacteria from actual infections in engorged female ticks were obtained (3,...
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Introduction The southern cattle tick Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) is a persistent vector for infective tick-borne diseases in cattle such as babesiosis and anaplasmosis (Cossio-Bayugar, Miranda, and Holman 2005). The endemic nature of this bovine blood-sucking ectoparasite is considered an obstacle for development of the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical cattle grazing areas world-wide (Nu ez, Mu oz-Cobe as,...
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Introduction Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic protozoan disease that has a very broad and versatile geographic distribution including the Antarctic region [1]. Cryptosporidium is the causative agent and infects mainly the intestinal tract and rarely the respiratory system of diverse species including human, ruminant, feline, canine, rodent, avian, reptile and fish. Transmission...
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At what age is recommended to deworm calves? Would there be any problem to do it immediately after birth? ...
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1. Introduction Brazil has a herd of 212 million head of cattle and 171 million hectares of pastures that produce approximately 96% of Brazilian beef. On the other hand, gastrointestinal nematodes are a serious problem in ruminant production; once the animals have been exposed to high parasite loads they may succumb, especially younger individuals, which are more susceptible [1, 2]. The...
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Robert E. James is the dairy extension project leader of the Department of Dairy Science at Virginia Tech, and he participated in the FEPALE Congress 2016 in Puerto Varas, Chile. In his conference, James explained new concepts in the rearing of calves with emphasis on their first two months of their lives and how to measure success in this process....
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Introduction Ectoparasites have a major effect on the husbandry, productivity and welfare of livestock. These obligate parasites live on, puncture, or burrow into the surface of their host's epidermis, to feed or shelter (1). Ectoparasites are responsible for economic losses to livestock producers. Direct losses Direct losses are a result of discomfort and damage caused by the parasites. Discomfort results in drops in milk production and retarded growth...
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The goal of all livestock production lies in obtaining good production rates, which is achieved through proper control of variables related to the environment, the management, space and health of animals. However, when one of these variables is affected, production declines, and decrease profits for farmers. Among the major health problems worldwide, which produces a decrease in the production of all species we have to parasitism (Olaechea et...
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Parasitic diseases have been responsible for great economic losses in cattle production worldwide since time immemorial, because they exhibit nonspecific signs and symptoms that often impede the diagnosis and ultimately cause high morbidity and mortality (Gosling, 2005) . Among the many parasites that affect cattle, we have nematodes, which belong to the phylum Nemathelminthes . Roundworms are invertebrates with pointed...
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Introduction Blood-feeding parasites have been reported to be the vectors of broad spectrum of disease agents since a long history. Ticks are one of those blood-sucking arthropods, responsible for a huge variety of heavy economic losses, caused by the direct effect of infestation, by injecting their toxins, through high morbidity and mortality, or by damaging the hides, and most importantly the reduction in production by...
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INTRODUCTION Many tropical forages harbour anti-parasitic properties which may assist in the development of a cost-effective method of parasite control for resource poor farmers. In particular, Canavalia ensiformis (jackbean) contains high levels of lectins, the purified form of which have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo to have anthelmintic...
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I think most Virginia Dairy producers are welcoming the signs of spring-warmer days, thawed water troughs and green grass-but the first tender sprigs of grass that our animals are picking at may harbor parasite larvae that have the potential to decrease the growth and health of our cattle. This spring's milk prices can be a distraction to management activities such as de-worming. Young stock are particularly susceptible to parasites, and most of our dairy young stock are kept in...
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Lice are the most important winter parasites of cattle. The two clinical signs of lice are hair loss and scratching. Lice have been considered by many to be more of a nuisance parasite than an important health problem in cattle. While not a lot of study has gone into the milk production and body condition loss issues associated with lice in dairy cattle I believe that severe lice infestations do cause some milk production and BCS loss in dairy cattle. There are two types of lice: biting...
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If the average cow produces 100 pounds of manure a day, how does a dairy farmer manage all the excess waste? Tom Herlihy, an agricultural engineer, created a unique and environmentally friendly technology to deal with this very problem. Herlihy owns and operates RT Solutions Inc., which employs 8 million earthworms in a state-of-the-art facility to transform manure into an environmentally friendly, all organic fertilizer called Worm Power. Worm Power benefits from its...
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CSIRO researchers are investigating whether an ancient arm of the immune system can be used to control livestock animal diseases.
CSIRO Livestock Industries' scientist Dr Tim Doran says a biological phenomenon called RNA interference (RNAi) has huge potential to control, and possibly eliminate, a number of major animal diseases.
"RNAi has existed in plants and animals for millions of years, but scientists only discovered the process and its benefits in the 1990s," Dr Doran says.
"The...
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