Supplementation of Yeast Fermented for cattle

YEAST IN RUMINANTS :
The feeding practice in ruminants in the developing and under developed countries mainly depends on low quality fibres, grasses and crop residues. The low quality fibres have low nutritive value and also their digestibility is much lower. Therefore feeding of low quality fibres and forages leads to significant reduction in digestibility of the nutrients.
To increase the digestibility of the low quality fibres, physical or chemical treatment of the feed is required which is not practised many a times. Addition of urea or molasses is one of the common practices in some parts in india. But there are limitation in this type of treatment. This is due to the improper mixing ratio of urea and molasses, improper adaptation period etc.
Manipulating rumen digestion system through the addition of direct feed microbial (DFM) to ruminant rations to enhance cellulose digestion and improvement in the performance of the animal has been the most interesting topic for research in recent years. Under the feeding regime of low quality agricultural crop residues, animal’s rumen microbes should be supplied with the necessary nutrients which are needed to allow the animal to maximize the usage of the low quality feed.
Over the last several years considerable attention has been given to the use of probiotics in animals. Probiotics or direct fed microbials (DFM) are live microbial food supplement which when fed improve microbial balance of the host. Commonly used probiotics include Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhancing the activity of beneficial microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, thus improving the digestibility of nutrients and production potential of the animals. The feeding of live yeast culture has attracted the attention of animal nutritionists. Feeding DFM improve the ruminal as well as intestinal microbiological balance of the host animal and thereby extract the nutrients to the maximum extent and get them deposited in the end products (milk, meat and eggs) for human use. This simultaneously reduce environmental pollution. Live yeast species are highly probiotic. They not only improve the fibre digestibility but also improve the dry matter intake in animals.
Besides, yeast supplementation also reduced the risk of lactic acidosis in ruminants by stabilization of the ruminal pH. High lactic acid concentrations in the rumen and decreased ruminal pH often result in ruminal dysfunction when high concentrate diets are fed.
Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not a natural component of the ruminal microbial population . An yeast culture is the living yeast cell and the medium upon which it was grown.


Effects of Live yeast culture on ruminants :
1. Yeast increase the total number of culturable bacteria in the rumen :
Rumen contents are absolutely anaerobic, but low concentration of dissolved oxygen can be detected during the daily feeding cycle. Oxygen enters the rumen while the animal is eating, both with the feed and saliva. Yeast consumes the available oxygen from rumen and creates an anaerobic condition (without oxygen) which stimulates the growth and multiplication of cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria in rumen. It improves the digestibility of nutrients in rumen, significant improvement is seen in fibre digestibility in rumen. Studies with diets containing a wide range of forage : concentrate ratios have demonstrated higher populations of fibre digesting bacteria in response to yeast culture. Greater numbers of cellulolytic organisms serve to explain the faster rates of ruminal fibre digestion. Also it increases VFA production in rumen which improves the milk production and milk fat.
2. Yeast helps to stabilise the ruminal pH. pH stabilisation is generally associated with decreased levels of lactic acid in rumen. The stimulation of lactic acid utilising bacteria could account for Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced decreases in lactic acid concentrations and the corresponding moderation of ruminal pH. Mannitol utilizing bacteria like S.ruminatium, one of the most important consumers lactic acid is stimulate by supplementation of yeast. Yeast is also able to compete with Streptococcus bovis, the main lactic acid producer in the rumen, for soluble sugar uptake.
3. It reduces the temperature in heat stressed animals. Maximum benefit is obtained in the summer months
4. It helps to improve the dry matter intake in animals. The increase in consumption in response to yeast culture is generally attributed to faster ruminal cellulose digestion, a response that is particularly noted when either forage quality is poor or concentrate levels in the diet are high.
NUTRIYEAST :
Polchem has introduced Nutriyeast a novel synbiotic which is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. It contains solid state fermented yeasts as probiotics, yeast cell wall oligosaccharides as prebiotics along with nutrilites which are secreted by the yeasts during solid state fermentation.
WHAT IS SOLID STATE FERMENTED YEAST
Fermentation is a process brought about by microbial action in any organic medium where acid/gas/alcohol is produced. Eg. Curd making from milk, idli batter from soaked rice, etc
Solid state fermentation is a fermentation process occurring in absence of free flowing water, employing either a natural support or an inert support as solid material.
WHAT HAPPENS EXACTLY DURING SSF OF YEAST?
Yeast grows in a medium comprising of
1. Agricultural residues like wheat bran
2. Nutrient medium with Carbon and Nitrogen source
3. Inoculum of probiotic culture
4. Moisture content of 35 – 40 %
The culture multiplies and secretes many biochemicals such as vitamins, organic acids, peptides and enzymes collectively called as nutrilites. Probiotic culture grows along the solid state particles and remains attached to the same matrix.
As a result of SSF, the following is obtained :
a. Live probiotic culture in the range of 1-7 billion cells/gm
b. Partially digested solid state matrix having protein content of approx 30% and crude fibre content approx 12%
c. A range of nutrilites
TYPES OF YEAST :
a. SOLID STATE FERMENTED YEAST (SSF yeast)
b. ACTIVE DRIED YEAST
HOW SSF YEAST IS DIFFERENT FROM ACTIVE DRIED YEAST ?
SSF yeast Active Dried Yeast
Contains live yeast along with nutrilites Only spray dried yeast but there are no nutrilites as the yeast is separated from nutrient medium
Solid state growth makes sturdy culture Extracted from liquid culture, more sensitive
Withstands rumen environment better More Susceptible to rumen environment
Nutrilites bypass rumen and promote growth of desirable bacteria in the gut No such effect is observed
Gets active quickly in rumen More time lag before activation
It withstands pelleting temperature with a reduction of minimal count of yeast It does not withstand pelleting temperature and loses its count drastically

WHAT ARE THE CONTENTS OF NUTRIYEAST ?
? Probiotics viz. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida rugosa cultivated by solid state fermentation in which along with cell biomass various important metabolites (Nutrilites) .
? Prebiotics like Mannan oligosaccharides and Glucans from the yeast cell wall components are added in the final product.
? Nutrilites include heat stable bioactive molecules like peptides, amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, minerals , reducing sugars & various digestive enzymes
COMPOSITION :
Each kg contains
Saccharomyces cerevisiae : 5000 billion CFU
Candida rugosa : 5000 billion CFU
Yeast cell wall Oligosaccharides along with NUTRILITES : 25000 ppm
Probiotics:
Probiotics are micro-organisms which encourage the growth of other beneficial micro-organisms in rumen compartments and intestine of the cattle.
The probiotics associated with the ruminants are mainly yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida rugosa
Probiotics encourage the growth and proliferation of the anaerobic rumen micro-flora responsible for almost 75% of rumen digestion.
PREBIOTICS:
Prebiotics are Non-digestible carbohydrates in feed which favorably influence the animal by stimulating the growth and activity of beneficial micro-flora such as Lactic acid bacteria. E.g. Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) in the small intestine.
Prebiotics bypass the rumen and reach the intestine. They block the attachment of pathogenic bacteria to the animal’s intestine and prevents its colonization that can result in disease. They bind to the pathogens and are excreted out of the body. The prebiotics also encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut such as Lactobacillus spp, Bifidobacterium spp and Bacteroides spp. In the distal portion of large intestine, i.e. colon, MOS is consumed by Lactobacillus sp, which enhances their growth and reduces the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Feeding of prebiotics help in proliferation of these probiotic bacteria which inhibit growth of pathogens like E.coli. This helps in reduction of flatulence and diarrhoea and also they improve the quality of dung. Prebiotics also help to stimulate the immunity of the animals.
NUTRILITES :
Nutrilites are a large number of secondary and tertiary metabolites secreted during growth and multiplication of yeast cells in solid state fermentation which are retained in this product.
Nutrilites in Nutriyeast are :
peptides, amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, minerals , reducing sugars & various digestive enzymes
Some nutrilites are utilized in the rumen and they help in proliferation of cellulolytic bacteria by providing micronutrients and metabolisable energy
Rest of the nutrilites bypass the rumen and reach the intestine and support the prolifetaion of lactic acid bacteria in the intestine. Amino acids , vitamins and minerals are absorbed through gut wall
Some nutrilites by pass rumen compartments and reach small intestine wherein they make the conditions favorable for normal gut flora.
Nutritive value of Nutriyeast :
Crude protein : 17.38%
Crude fibre : 15.81%
Ether extract : 1.91%
Total ash : 7.18%
UNIQUE FEATURES OF NUTRIYEAST :
1. CONTAINS SOLID STATE FERMENTED YEAST :
Due to this feature, nutrilities along with the live yeast is obtained which is an additional advantage.
2. WITHSTANDS PELLETING TEMPERATURE :
As Solid state fermented yeast in Nutriyeast is surrounded by organic medium (due to the production of nutrilites by yeast) they are protected from the high temperature of pelletisation. Only marginal drop in the count of yeast occurs during pelletisation. The yeast cells are anchored to wheat bran, i.e. solid medium along with the nutrilites but in Active dried yeast, the solid medium along with the nutrilites get separated. So as the yeast cells are not protected in the active dried yeast they lose their count drastically during pelletisation.



3. IT IS A SYNBIOTIC CONTAING PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTIC BOTH :
As Nutriyeast contains both pro and prebiotics, it significantly improves the growth and multiplication of ruminal microflora and beneficial microflora in the intestine. So the ruminal and the intestinal environment is improved through supplementation of Nutriyeast.
TRIAL CONDUCTED WITH NUTRIYEAST :
A trial was conducted at Rajaram Bapu Doodh Sangh, Islampur with Nutriyeast. 10 animals were selected for the trial and they were fed Nutriyeast @ 7.5 gm/animal/day for 13 days. At the end of the trial it was observed that average milk fat of the animals had increased by 0.3% (from 7.3% to 7.6%) and SNF of milk was maintained throughout.
ADVANTAGES OF NUTRIYEAST :
• Stimulates anaerobiasis in the rumen
• Helps improving Dry Matter Intake (DMI)
• Improves Nutrient Digestibility
• Helps in microbial digestion
• Strengthens the activity and count of beneficial bacteria in the gut and rumen
• Prevents colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract
• Increases milk yield without causing stress to the animals
• Improves milk fat and maintains milk SNF
RECOMMENDATION :
• 15-20 gm per day as top dressing or as directed by nutritionist
• 1.5 kg per tonne of feed (for compound feed manufacturer)
• For pelleted feed the dose is to be increased by 20% i.e. 1.8 to 2 kg per tonne of feed.
Nutriyeast, when mixed with feed improves the nutritive value of feed. As it contains the probiotics, i.e. yeast and the nutrilites, protein content of the feed is improved. The palatability of the feed is improved due to the addition of yeast through nutriyeast. Therefore the consumption of feed also increases by its addition.
PRESENTATION :
Available in 200 gm, 500gm jar and 10 kg bag