Cloning fish for aquaculture
Published: November 29, 2007
Source : Wageningen UR news release
Fish species that have external fertilization can be reproduced by induced parthenogenesis to produce homozygous clones.
The nuclear content of either the sperm or egg is destroyed by UV or gamma irradiation, and the treated gamete is then fused with an untreated egg or sperm to form a haploid embryo. This is subsequently made diploid by physical inhibition of the first cell division.
The resulting individual is a so-called doubled haploid (DH), which is by definition fully homozygous.
In a review, to be published in "Aquaculture", Hans Komen and his American colleague Gary Thorgaard explore the current status of androgenesis and gynogenesis in aquaculture.
The first part of this review discusses the latest insights into the mechanisms underlying the process of making DH individuals, and reviews the characteristics of doubled haploids and clones in fish. The second part of this review explores the use of doubled haploids and clones in quantitative trait locus mapping and selective breeding in fish.
The conclusion of the authors is that androgenesis and gynogenesis are techniques with high potential for selective breeding in fish, but that more investment into research to increase the yield and quality of homozygous animals is urgently needed.
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