Comparison of Supercede nutritionally enhanced grain and No. 2 Yellow Corn for Broilers in the Dominican Republic
Published: June 27, 2012
By: Joaquin Paulino, Pollo Vegano and Gilberto Martinez (Farmland Industries, Inc.), Terry Prince (Akey Inc.), Karl Schnelle (Dow AgroSciences LLC)
Introduction:
Cereal grains are the main source of dietary energy in poultry nutrition and corn is by far the most widely used in broiler formulations. Any changes in the nutritional profile of the grain, will affect the overall composition of the diets (Bartov et al., 1995).
During the last decade, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in order to influence the nutritional composition of corn by genetic manipulation. (Cromwell et al., 1967, Cromwell et al., 1968, Gipp et al., 1968, Fonseca et al., 1970a, Fonseca et al., 1970b, Adams et al., 1970, Cuca and Pro, 1972, Chi and Speers, 1973, Dinn et al., 1982 and Bond et al., 1991).
Some other studies have focused on determining the nutritive value by formulating diets using value-added varieties for broiler chickens. (Parsons et al., 1987). From these studies, it can be concluded that value enhanced grains can be modified to contain higher levels of metabolizable energy, protein and amino acids. Recent research (Parsons et al., 1998) shows that some value-added varieties contain higher levels of protein and digestible amino acids.
Today’s research focusing on developing new corn varieties with increased levels of metabolizable energy, and special attention is paid to developing varieties with higher and more digestible amino acid contents, which will result more value when ed into a formulation model.
The present study will evaluate the nutritive value of Supercede* nutritionally enhanced grain when used in broiler diets.
The results of this trial demonstrate that broiler diets containing Supercede as the grain source support increased growth rate and similar feed consumption and efficiency as compared to diets containing #2 yellow corn, when formulated on an sequal energy and amino acid basis.
Materials and Methods
Birds and Diets: A commercial broiler unit in the Dominican Republic was used to compare feeding programs with Supercede nutritionally enhanced grain or #2 yellow corn as the grain sources on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in a 45-day trial.
Four groups of 10,000 day-old Cobb male and female broiler chickens were distributed across four poultry houses (ca. 10 birds / m2). Chicks were fed a pre-starter (0-7 days), starter (8-15 days), grower (16-28 days), finisher (29-40 days), and withdraw (41-45 days) diets. Diets for each phase were formulated using either #2 yellow corn (#2YC) or Supercede as the grain source. Two treatment diets (#2YC and Supercede) were formulated for each feeding phase to contain equal energy and amino acid contents by varying the level of soybean meal and fat in the diet. Two houses received the experimental diets formulated using #2YC and two houses received the Supercede diets throughout the five phases of the experimental period. All diets were prepared in mash form.
Individual body weights were recorded weekly by randomly selecting and weighing 100 birds in each house. Mortality, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were calculated from weekly and from whole house data at the end of the trial.
Results
The two treatment diets were randomly assigned to 2 of the 4 houses:
· T1 (house 1) = Diet formulated with conventional corn
· T2 (house 2) = Diet formulated with Supercede nutritionally enhanced grain
· T3 (house 3) = Diet formulated with conventional corn
· T4 (house 4) = Diet formulated with Supercede nutritionally enhanced grain
The growth and feed consumption data were statistically analyzed using a pairwise T-test over the six weeks of the experiment.
Average weekly weights of the 100 birds sampled in each house and the average of the two houses for each treatment are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. Birds fed Supercede (T2 and T4) were significantly heavier (p<0.05) during the 45-day feeding period.
Table 1. Average Weekly Weight (lb) of 100 Birds in Each House
Feed consumption did not differ between the houses of birds fed Supercede or #2YC. (Table 2 and Figure 2).
Table 2. Average Weekly Feed and Total Feed Consumption
Feed efficiency was calculated by dividing the average total feed consumed per bird by the average final weight of the birds. Feed efficiency did not statistically differ between birds fed the two corn sources (Table 3).
Table 3. Feed Efficiency
The results of this trial demonstrate that broiler diets containing Supercede as the grain source support increased growth rate and similar feed consumption and efficiency as compared to diets containing #2YC, when formulated on an equal energy and amino acid basis.
References
Adams, R.L. and J.C. Rogler. 1970. A comparison of Opaque-2 and normal corn in a finishing ration for turkeys. Poultry Sci. 49:1114-1116.
Bond, P.L.. T.W. Sullivan, J.H. Douglas, L.G. Robeson and J.G. Baier. 1991. Composition and nutritional value of an experimental high-protein corn in the diets of broilers and laying hens. Poultry Sci. 70:1578-1584.
Chi, M.S. and G.M. Speers. 1973. Nutritional value of high lysine corn for the broiler chick. Poultry Sci. 52:1148-1157
Cromwell, G.L., J.C. Rogler, W.R. Featherston and R.A. Pickett. 1967. Nutritional value of Opaque-2 corn for the chick. Poultry Sci. 46:705-712
Cromwell, G.L., J.C. Rogler, W.R. Featherston and T.R. Cline. 1968. A comparison of the nutritive value of Opaque-2, Floury-2 and normal corn for the chick. Poultry Sci. 47:840-847
Cuca, M. and A. Pro. 1972. Tryptophan and Methionine supplementation of Opaque-2 and normal corn diets for chicks. Poultry Sci. 51:787-791
Dinn, Z.Z., H.R. Bird and M.L. Sunde. 1982. Nutitional value of waxy corn for chicks.
Poultry Sci. 61:998-1000
Fonseca, J.B., W.R. Featherston, J.C. Rogler and T.R. Cline. 1970a. A comparison of the nutritive value of Opaque-2 and normal corn for the laying hen. Poultry Sci. 49:532-537
Fonseca, J.B., W.R. Featherston, J.C. Rogler and T.R. Cline. 1970b. Further studies on the nutritive value of Opaque-2 corn for the chick. Poultry Sci. 49:1518-1525
Gipp, W.F., T.R. Cline and J.C. Rogler. 1968. The metabolizable energy of Opaque-2 and Floury-2 corn for the chick. Poultry Sci. 47:2018-2021
Parsons, C.M. and Y. Han. 1987. Nutritive value of high oil corn for poultry. Poultry Sci. 66:103-111.
Parsons, C.M., Y. Zhang and M. Araba. 1998. Availability of amino acids in high oil corn. Poultry Sci. 77:1016-1019.
*Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC
(Information current as of November 6, 2000)
Cereal grains are the main source of dietary energy in poultry nutrition and corn is by far the most widely used in broiler formulations. Any changes in the nutritional profile of the grain, will affect the overall composition of the diets (Bartov et al., 1995).
During the last decade, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in order to influence the nutritional composition of corn by genetic manipulation. (Cromwell et al., 1967, Cromwell et al., 1968, Gipp et al., 1968, Fonseca et al., 1970a, Fonseca et al., 1970b, Adams et al., 1970, Cuca and Pro, 1972, Chi and Speers, 1973, Dinn et al., 1982 and Bond et al., 1991).
Some other studies have focused on determining the nutritive value by formulating diets using value-added varieties for broiler chickens. (Parsons et al., 1987). From these studies, it can be concluded that value enhanced grains can be modified to contain higher levels of metabolizable energy, protein and amino acids. Recent research (Parsons et al., 1998) shows that some value-added varieties contain higher levels of protein and digestible amino acids.
Today’s research focusing on developing new corn varieties with increased levels of metabolizable energy, and special attention is paid to developing varieties with higher and more digestible amino acid contents, which will result more value when ed into a formulation model.
The present study will evaluate the nutritive value of Supercede* nutritionally enhanced grain when used in broiler diets.
The results of this trial demonstrate that broiler diets containing Supercede as the grain source support increased growth rate and similar feed consumption and efficiency as compared to diets containing #2 yellow corn, when formulated on an sequal energy and amino acid basis.
Materials and Methods
Birds and Diets: A commercial broiler unit in the Dominican Republic was used to compare feeding programs with Supercede nutritionally enhanced grain or #2 yellow corn as the grain sources on growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in a 45-day trial.
Four groups of 10,000 day-old Cobb male and female broiler chickens were distributed across four poultry houses (ca. 10 birds / m2). Chicks were fed a pre-starter (0-7 days), starter (8-15 days), grower (16-28 days), finisher (29-40 days), and withdraw (41-45 days) diets. Diets for each phase were formulated using either #2 yellow corn (#2YC) or Supercede as the grain source. Two treatment diets (#2YC and Supercede) were formulated for each feeding phase to contain equal energy and amino acid contents by varying the level of soybean meal and fat in the diet. Two houses received the experimental diets formulated using #2YC and two houses received the Supercede diets throughout the five phases of the experimental period. All diets were prepared in mash form.
Individual body weights were recorded weekly by randomly selecting and weighing 100 birds in each house. Mortality, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were calculated from weekly and from whole house data at the end of the trial.
Results
The two treatment diets were randomly assigned to 2 of the 4 houses:
· T1 (house 1) = Diet formulated with conventional corn
· T2 (house 2) = Diet formulated with Supercede nutritionally enhanced grain
· T3 (house 3) = Diet formulated with conventional corn
· T4 (house 4) = Diet formulated with Supercede nutritionally enhanced grain
The growth and feed consumption data were statistically analyzed using a pairwise T-test over the six weeks of the experiment.
Average weekly weights of the 100 birds sampled in each house and the average of the two houses for each treatment are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. Birds fed Supercede (T2 and T4) were significantly heavier (p<0.05) during the 45-day feeding period.
Table 1. Average Weekly Weight (lb) of 100 Birds in Each House
Feed consumption did not differ between the houses of birds fed Supercede or #2YC. (Table 2 and Figure 2).
Table 2. Average Weekly Feed and Total Feed Consumption
Feed efficiency was calculated by dividing the average total feed consumed per bird by the average final weight of the birds. Feed efficiency did not statistically differ between birds fed the two corn sources (Table 3).
Table 3. Feed Efficiency
The results of this trial demonstrate that broiler diets containing Supercede as the grain source support increased growth rate and similar feed consumption and efficiency as compared to diets containing #2YC, when formulated on an equal energy and amino acid basis.
References
Adams, R.L. and J.C. Rogler. 1970. A comparison of Opaque-2 and normal corn in a finishing ration for turkeys. Poultry Sci. 49:1114-1116.
Bond, P.L.. T.W. Sullivan, J.H. Douglas, L.G. Robeson and J.G. Baier. 1991. Composition and nutritional value of an experimental high-protein corn in the diets of broilers and laying hens. Poultry Sci. 70:1578-1584.
Chi, M.S. and G.M. Speers. 1973. Nutritional value of high lysine corn for the broiler chick. Poultry Sci. 52:1148-1157
Cromwell, G.L., J.C. Rogler, W.R. Featherston and R.A. Pickett. 1967. Nutritional value of Opaque-2 corn for the chick. Poultry Sci. 46:705-712
Cromwell, G.L., J.C. Rogler, W.R. Featherston and T.R. Cline. 1968. A comparison of the nutritive value of Opaque-2, Floury-2 and normal corn for the chick. Poultry Sci. 47:840-847
Cuca, M. and A. Pro. 1972. Tryptophan and Methionine supplementation of Opaque-2 and normal corn diets for chicks. Poultry Sci. 51:787-791
Dinn, Z.Z., H.R. Bird and M.L. Sunde. 1982. Nutitional value of waxy corn for chicks.
Poultry Sci. 61:998-1000
Fonseca, J.B., W.R. Featherston, J.C. Rogler and T.R. Cline. 1970a. A comparison of the nutritive value of Opaque-2 and normal corn for the laying hen. Poultry Sci. 49:532-537
Fonseca, J.B., W.R. Featherston, J.C. Rogler and T.R. Cline. 1970b. Further studies on the nutritive value of Opaque-2 corn for the chick. Poultry Sci. 49:1518-1525
Gipp, W.F., T.R. Cline and J.C. Rogler. 1968. The metabolizable energy of Opaque-2 and Floury-2 corn for the chick. Poultry Sci. 47:2018-2021
Parsons, C.M. and Y. Han. 1987. Nutritive value of high oil corn for poultry. Poultry Sci. 66:103-111.
Parsons, C.M., Y. Zhang and M. Araba. 1998. Availability of amino acids in high oil corn. Poultry Sci. 77:1016-1019.
*Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC
(Information current as of November 6, 2000)
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