Major Vertically And Horizontally Transmitted Diseases In Poultry

Vertically Transmitted and Horizontally transmitted diseases In Poultry.

Poultry has been serving the mankind for many centuries in regards it promises the premium quality products, better employment oppurtunities, wide range of industrial products and an economical set up for biological experiments for animals and mankind. Having a knowledge of most prevalent outbreaks of economically signifacant diseases of poultry enables us to work out for efficient vaccines, better managemental practices and appropriate biosecurity procedures to protect the poultry from several notorious diseases.

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This article presents a concise and quick preview of major Transovarianially transmitted and Horizontally transmitted diseases of poultry. Following table presents the summary of many viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic diseases found in poultry, arranged systemically, their causitive organisms and preventive measures are also identified for the ease of readers. Additionally,the zoonotic importance of certain diseases is also well acknowledged in the below table.

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Factors to be focused for the prevention of diseases in poultry.

The challenge to production efficiency represented by poultry diseases and parasitism will be countered by developing a new generation of vectored vaccines and educating a new cohort of field veterinarians empowered to improve biosecurity and preventive practice. Unfortunately, the current world economic downturn has reduced funding for research in universities, the public sector and the large bio-pharmaceutical companies. Resources available to combat poultry disease are constrained by declining budgets and a concentration on species other than poultry that offer a relatively greater return on R&D expenditure.

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For poultry hatching eggs, the factors that can be checked to have maximal output may include:

Any quarantine procedures used for hatching imported eggs and imported day old chicken.
Good biosecurity measures must be applied in producing day old chicken and hatchable agg locally/imported stock.
The ability of wild bird species to act as vectors of individual diseases.
The extent of backyard poultry flocks and their likely contact with commercial units.

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HPAI virus, NDV, M. gallisepticum, and M. synoviae should be considered the most significant pathogens that might reasonably be expected to be spread through international trade. However, infections with HPAI or NDV may result in the cessation of egg laying or embryo death, which would have a significant impact on the potential for these diseases to be spread through trade in hatching eggs.

Conclusion.

Prevention of above listed diseases are vital to rear healthy poultry flocks , resulting in reaching their optimal production levels and also help to prevent the spread of zoonotic diseases for the betterment of mankind also.