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Swine nutrition
Pigs require a number of essential nutrients to meet their needs for maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation, and other functions. However, factors such as genetic variation, environment, availability of nutrients in feedstuffs, disease levels, and other stressors may increase the needed level of some nutrients for optimal performance and reproduction.
Swine require six general classes of nutrients: water, carbohydrates, fats, protein (amino acids), minerals, and vitamins. Energy, although not a specific nutrient, is an important nutritional component and is primarily derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. In addition, amino acids (from protein) that exceed the animal’s requirements for maintenance and tissue protein synthesis provide energy when their carbon skeletons are oxidized. Antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, microbial supplements (prebiotics and probiotics), enzymes, and other feed additives are often added to swine diets to increase the rate and efficiency of gain, to improve digestibility, and for other purposes, but they are not considered nutrients.
Pigs require a more concentrated diet and should be fed a less-fibrous feed than cattle, sheep, or horses. As they grow, their nutritional requirements change and the diet should meet their needs in various phases of growth and stages of production.
The use of pharmacological concentrations of zinc (Zn) and (or) copper (Cu) in nursery pig diets to enhance growth has been widely accepted in the swine industry. A routine recommendation is to add 2,000 to 3,000 ppm Zn in the form of zinc oxide and (or) to add 250 ppm Cu as copper sulfate to the growing swine diet. Swine producers may use these high concentrations of inorganic zinc and copper sources for the entire nursery period of up to eight weeks and into the grower period. The effects...
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Summary Two 28-day balance experiments were conducted to evaluate mineral excretion by nursery pigs fed lower concentrations of organic copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn) sources (Bioplex Cu or Zn, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) compared to pharmacological concentrations of inorganic Cu or Zn sources, respectively. Twenty crossbred barrows averaging 11.2 kg were placed in individual pens in each experiment. For Experiment 1, the four dietary treatments were: (1) Basal diet, (2) Basal +...
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Greater reliance on the use of imported soya since the EU ban on mammalian proteins in livestock diets has resulted in an increased risk of nutritional variability in pig feeds, particularly when used for younger animals.
Dr Julian Wiseman, Professor of Animal Production at Nottingham University, points out that the use of whole soya beans or oil-extracted meal now accounts for over 50 per cent of EU protein equivalents in livestock diets. But plant proteins, particularly soya, are...
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A swine nutritionist with the University of Guelph credits a dramatic increase in liquid byproducts from biofuel and food processing for an increased interest in liquid feeding in Ontario.
With liquid feeding systems feed is prepared in a central mixing tank then pumped through lines to individual troughs where the pigs can consume it.
The technology is considered new in North America but in countries like the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark up to 50 percent of market pigs are fed...
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In this paper the current status of knowledge on the impact of microbial phytases in pig production is reviewed. In most studies, exogenous phytases supplemented to diets for pigs are obtained from Aspergilli. They produce 3-phytase (EC 3.1.3.8), a non-specific phosphomonoesterase, catalysing dephosphorylation of myoinositol hexakisphosphate (phytate) in a stepwise manner, producing orthophosphate, which can be absorbed by the animal. During the last decades various experiments have been...
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While genetics play a role in the fertility of a breeding boar, nutrition is arguably the key factor for maintaining and/or promoting fertility. This article will consider a particular family of nutrients - lipids, also known as fat. The main roles of lipids are energy provision, as structural components of cells and as precursors of hormone-like molecules. Interest in the effect of specific lipids on male fertility has grown over the last 10 years. Many scientific reports have...
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SWINE Palatability: A preference study was conducted in May 1998 by the AnimalScience Department at amajor university who designed the test. This test compared the effects of UPC-processedfeed versus atraditionally extruded starter diet. Diet is following: A clear preference was indicated for diets processed via the UPC when...
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Pellet-cooker-processed swine starter feeds made by the Cehave Landbouwbelang co-op in the Netherlands—the Air Line product range—average 10-15% lower bulk density than conventional pelleted products. However, they can be more feed efficient overall, while generating less manure. Focus on novel processing techniques Research has shown that technologies for pelleting feed differ in their effect on dietary performance. In Europe, practicing swine nutritionists designed...
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Profitable pork production is determined by a magnitude of parameters. Not always is the lowest cost or highest performance operations the most profitable. Factors such as management, genetics, hygiene and nutrition have all changed dramatically over the past few decades,...
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Inorganic vs Organic Selenium. Dietary selenium (Se) supplemented in the form of organic Se from Se yeast, also called selenized yeast, has higher bioavailability than Se from sodium selenite. Many metabolic functions may be enhanced throughout the body simply by delivery of more selenium to the bloodstream. Se yeast also provides modified amino acids seleno-cysteine and seleno-methionine which may have specific beneficial effects on metabolism as well. Plasma glutathione...
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Probiotics for pigs – how can they be made to work? James McLaren - Mar. 2006 SUMMARY The removal of antibiotic growth promoters from farm animal feeds has led to renewed interest in the use of live microbial cultures (probiotics) as a replacement. A new approach to propagate probiotic bacteria, on-farm, so as to induce viable strains in sufficient numbers for better establishment and colonisation in the intestine of the pig, has been...
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Please let me know where can I buy pig colostrum replacement that is good enough to feed piglets. ...
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Abstract: Forty eight crossbred pigs (Landrace-Duroc) averaging 11.94±1.5 kg were used to evaluate the effect of insoluble solids of nejayote (ISN) as calcium source on growing performance during six weeks. Two sources of calcium (CaCO3 and ISN),and four dietary calcium concentrations (28, 53, 77 and 100% of the NRC (1988) requirement) were used in a 2x4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized block design. There were three blocks and three replicates (pens) by treatment and two...
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Summary The ban of in-feed antibiotics has already been implemented in Europe and producers are faced with a vast number of alternatives which are currently available at the market. Natural Growth Promoters (NGP) have gained considerable significance in many markets all over the world. In addition to...
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What do fats do in swine diets, and how do they affect carcass quality? Also how much fat do you use for the various stages of swine production? Fat in the swine diet provides a lot of energy per unit of fat fed.(1) "Fat also increases weight gain, improves feed efficiency, improves feed quality, improves reproduction and reduces the heat produced by feed.(1) You want to feed saturated fats the last 4 weeks of finishing.(3) Vegetable oils ( primarily unsaturated fats ) can cause carcasses to...
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Scientists at the Prairie Swine Centre are recommending a combination of strategies to reduce the need to include inorganic phosphorus supplements in swine diets.
Because 40 to 50 percent of the phosphorus in feeds is tied up as phytate phosphorus and is not available to pigs, swine producers often supplement with inorganic phosphorus to meet nutritional needs.
This increases feeding costs and increases the amount of phosphorus in the manure which carries environmental implications....
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Field peas make an excellent feed for swine, a South Dakota State University researcher said. Hans Stein, a swine nutritionist and associate professor in SDSU's Department of Animal and Range Sciences, said 11 SDSU experiments over the past five years are the main nutrition studies that have been done so far using field peas in swine diets.
Though field peas historically have been used as human food, production has increased so much that they're increasingly being used in animal diets....
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On 29th September, the European Probiotic Association took part in the Pig Liquid Feeding Seminar hosted by IRTA, the Spanish Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), in Lleida, Spain. This one-day technology transfer seminar was tailored for feed producers, farmers and technicians of the pork industry.
Bruno Rochet presented the benefits of probiotics in liquid feed, a natural solution that insures at the same time...
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“Gene Editing PRRS Resistant Pigs”
By: Paul Walker Thompson Date: 3/31/2016
Recently researchers from the University of Missouri, led by Randall Prather, have edited out a protein (CD163) that “uncoates” the PRRS virus so that it can infect pigs. This gene editing process has led to piglets that are resistant to PRRS. Though it will take around five years or more, there is hope to have Commercial Pigs produced that are Resistant to PRRS (1). PWT
(1) “PRRS resistant Pigs: A...
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Canadian swine producers will soon have access to Paylean, a feed ingredient that has been used around the world for several years to increase lean meat and decrease fat in hogs.
Paylean is a widely used swine feed ingredient that was first approved for use in the United States in 1999.
It is currently being used in 22, countries including Australia, Brazil and Mexico and Canada has become the 23rd country to approve the product.
Elanco Animal Health Swine Marketing Associate for...
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