Farrowing management

Studies have established that several factors affect the success rate within the farrowing unit. The average farrowing time is 4-7 hours- this time span is not affected by litter size as big litters will be born with shorter intervals than small litters. The energy demand for producing a large litter is higher, therefore feeding in late gestation is critical with hyper prolific sows. The duration of farrowing has been shown to be closely linked to the sow’s energy status. Low-energy status at the onset farrowing negatively affects the farrowing process. Furthermore, the duration of the farrowing is negatively correlated with the risk of piglet losses, as the sow does not eat during farrowing. Feeding 3 to 4 times a day when the sows enter the farrowing unit will help to improve energy status and increase the success rate of farrowing. Because of these factors, being able to recognise the onset of farrowing and acting accordingly is of great importance. The observation and recording of sows that are farrowing is important- in particular you should take note of the birth interval between each piglet, as this is a big indicator of how the process is going. Monitored or attended farrowings has a tremendously positive effect on piglet survivability. Red eyes and underline and an increased breathing rate are all possible signs of a sow needing assistance. As performing farrowing assistance (i.e. a manual examination) is an invasive procedure for the sow, hygiene and technique is of great importance. The period following farrowing assistance is when the sow should be left to rest but kept under observation- it might necessary to repeat assistance.