Statistical Analysis of the Behavior of Mycotoxins in Mexico during the Period 2010 to 2014

Because of natural occurrence of mycotoxins in the finished food and grains used for the formulation of rations of various species, mycotoxicosis is considered a critical problem in swine feed production. Facing the difficulty of detection of mycotoxins in the finished food or raw material, it is important to increase the sampling frequency, because the effect of the mycotoxins is cumulative as the consumption of contaminated grains or contaminated food to reduce the risk of consumption.

There were used data of samples of food and raw materials submitted to Nutek Chemistry Laboratory, the samples were subjected to the detection of mycotoxins, the results were compiled from 2010 to 2014. During the period 2010-2014 there were performed a total of 30.509 testing to detect 12 types of mycotoxins: aflatoxins B1 (AFLAs B1), aflatoxin B2 (AFLAs B2), Aflatoxin G1 (AFLAs G1), aflatoxin G2 (AFLAs G2), ochratoxin A (okra), fumonisin B1 (Fumon B1), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), T2 toxin (T-T2), diacetoxiscirpernol (DAS), nivalenol (NIV), neosolaniol (NEO) and citrinina (CIT). Data were analyzed statistically by the JMP program. It was used a completely randomized design and for the difference between means was used the Tukey test (P < 0.01). The detection method was performed for each mycotoxin had been done according to the provisions of the AOAC (high resolution liquid chromatography or gas chromatography-mass). The reference limits of mycotoxin contamination level based on the provisions of the European Union (2006/576 / EC, PRE / 1809/2006, 2013/165 / EU).

According to the review period, the year of highest contamination was 2010 for the following mycotoxins: ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1 and deoxinivalenol (P < 0.1). Sorghum grain is mostly contaminated by ochratoxin A (3.07), while the DDGS and soybean meal was not contaminated by mycotoxin (P < 0.01), in the case of fumonisin B1, the DDGs raw materials were mostly contaminated by fumonisin B1 (637.80) while sorghum reported the lowest levels of contamination because of this mycotoxin (P < 0.01). About the grains referred for analysis, corn and DDGS samples are sent mainly to detection of mycotoxins.

In the analyzed period, 2010 was the most prevalent mycotoxin in the incidence of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, T2 toxin were reported with no significant statistically difference in all the raw materials analyzed. The main contaminated grain by Ochratoxin A is sorghum. The raw material mainly contaminated by fumonisin B1 are the DDGS. Aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol found higher levels than those set by the European Union.

Disclosure of Interest: None Declared.