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Mycotoxins in dairy cattle
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A priority list of mycotoxins was subjectively produced by a survey of mycotoxicologists worldwide and included: aflatoxin, ochratoxin, trichothecenes (primarily T-2 toxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, citrinin, sterigmatocystin, patulin, and cyclopiazonic acid (Hesseltine, 1986a). Fumonisin was identified after this list was compiled (Gelderblom et al., 1988), but undoubtedly it would be included in a current list. The mycotoxicoses which may be most commonly associated with grazing...
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In order to evaluate the impact of mycotoxins on performance and health of the animals, feeding trials under realistic conditions have to be carried out. Field studies reflect the real situation and provide reliable results...
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"Differences of opinion exist regarding the role of molds and mycotoxins in livestock problems basically because their effects on animal health and production are still in a grey area". (Seglar & Mahanna, 1995). "Mycotoxins can have a very pervasive, yet subclinical effect on both performance and health in ruminants that can easily go unnoticed. If you wait until clinical symptoms of mycotoxin problems are obvious, you no doubt waited too long". (Eng,...
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The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship started screening milk for aflatoxin on Nov. 1. In a memo to dairy producers in northwest and southwest Iowa, ag secretary Bill Northey said that severe weather and drought in their areas have raised concerns about the possibility of aflatoxin in corn. "Of particular concern is the corn and silage that is fed to dairy cows due to the possibility that the aflatoxin will pass through the cows and go into milk," ...
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Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is the most widely grown perennial, cool-season forage grass in the United States and the most abundant forage grass in the southeastern US. Tall fescue is adapted to a wide array of environments but dominates the transition zone between the northern and southern regions of the eastern US. Hoveland (1993) indicated that of 21 states surveyed, tall fescue was used primarily for hay and pasture, with 8.5 million cattle and 688,000 horses grazing...
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Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is the most important cool season perennial grass used as a forage throughout the southeastern United States. It is able to withstand arid conditions mainly due to the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum that infects most tall fescue. While the endophyte is beneficial to the plant, the toxins it produces have negative effects on the health and performance of grazing animals and result in a condition known as fescue toxicosis. Current...
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Tall fescue and perennial ryegrass possess agronomic characteristics that make them two of the most prominent grasses used for livestock production in the world. However, they contain Acremonium coenophialum and Acremonium lolii endophytes, respectively, that can negatively affect animal productivity. Although agronomic alternatives have been developed to dilute or eliminate the toxic effects of these fungal endophytes, research efforts continue towards alleviation of some, or all, of the...
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Introduction: evaluating the human risks of mycotoxin contamination Mycotoxins occur worldwide. They occur frequently in a variety of feedstuffs (Gareis et al., 1989; Sharma and Salunkhe, 1991; Wood, 1992) and are therefore routinely consumed by dairy cattle. These typically low levels of mycotoxins are associated with subclinical losses in milk production, increases in disease and reduced reproductive performance. In some cases, mycotoxin concentrations in feedstuffs are high...
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Introduction Mycotoxins are a diverse group of molecules that are harmful to animals and humans. They are produced as secondary metabolites by moulds or fungi growing under propitious conditions in the field, during transport and during storage of feeds. They can be found all along the food chain. Toxins in contaminated feeds are ingested by animals and can then be carried over to milk or edible animal tissues. Animals must not be considered as a simple ‘filter’ for mycotoxin...
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