Thi Thu Hao Van

I. INTRODUCTIONSpotty Liver Disease (SLD) is characterized by the occurrence of multiple grey/white spots in the liver. It causes mortalities and reduction in egg output and is prevalent within the layer industry in Australia, especially within the free range sector of the industry (Grimes & Reece, 2011). The disease is less commonly found in barn and cage birds and parent stock (Scott, 2016). ...

I. INTRODUCTIONSpotty Liver Disease (SLD) is characterised by increased mortality, particularly around the time of peak egg production, the occurrence of multiple grey/white lesions in the liver, and reduction in egg output. It is caused by Campylobacter hepaticus (Van et al., 2016), which responds to therapeutic antibiotics, although resistance has been reported (Grimes and Reece, 2011). In this ...

I. INTRODUCTIONThroughout the world, poultry are a major and growing source of high-quality protein, as they outperform all other terrestrial meat production systems in water, feed, carbon, and land use efficiency. A challenge for intensive production systems has been the potential to introduce high pathogen loads and stresses on the animals. Such challenges have traditionally been managed with th ...

I. INTRODUCTIONCampylobacter hepaticus currently causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry, as it is the cause of spotty liver disease (SLD) in chickens (Van et al., 2016, 2017a). The clinical manifestations of SLD include the formation of gray/white lesions in the liver, an increase in mortality rate in a flock, and reduction in egg production. It has been sporadically reported o ...