S. K. Kim

I. INTRODUCTIONAvian influenza viruses (AIVs), subdivided into Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (LPAI) and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), are diseases of major concern to domestic chickens worldwide (Hansbro et al., 2010). LPAI is known to circulate naturally in wild birds of the order Anseriformes (waterfowl) and Charadriiformes (shorebirds) and can potentially mutate into HPAI once t ...