Tomáš Mitrík

IntroductionA wide range of in vitro and in situ techniques are used as alternatives to in vivo measurement of ruminal fiber availability. Fiber digestibility and forage fragility are critical factors should to be considered in forage evaluation and diet formulation for ruminants. Digestive characters of dietary neutral detergent fibers (NDF) fraction have been reported to greatly affect feeding b ...

1. Rumen protects dairy cows against mycotoxins… only partiallyMycotoxins are toxic metabolites, produced by fungi, that can develop in grains and forages. The most well-known and probably the most feared type of mycotoxins in dairy production are aflatoxins, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in particular. When fed to cows, it is metabolically transformed in the liver into aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which ...

IntroductionThe rise in milk production has been accompanied by increasing incidence of health problems, declining ability to reproduce and declining the fertility of modern dairy cows. The transition from late gestation to early lactation is viewed as one of the most challenging elements of the production cycle. Perhaps the most important physiological change occurring during this period is the d ...

In a survey that we carried out recently in Israel, we found a great variation between farms, in terms of the number of hours along the day the cows are in "heat stress" condition (body temperature above normal). This variation is correlated with cow’s milk yield and breeding performance during summer months. As time in a day, cows face heat stress is longer, the drop in milk production and ...

INTRODUCTIONRumen microbes ferment dietary carbohydrates and protein to obtain ATP, which in turn is the major source of energy required for microbial growth. The two major reactions of rumen fermentation are volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial cells; the former are a primary source of metabolizable energy and the latter the primary source of metabolizable amino acids for maintenance and milk ...

1. IntroductionMycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are harmful to animals and humans [1]. Monogastric animals are considered to be more susceptible to the toxic effects of mycotoxins than ruminants as the rumen microbiota are capable to degrade some of those toxic molecules to less toxic metabolites [2–4]. In addition, intrinsic rumen fluid factors, such as bacterial and yeast c ...

Introduction Accurate predictions of nutrient supply and nutrient requirements are essential to modern ration formulations and animal production. Accurate and precise models allow provision of nutrients to meet requirements for maintenance and optimal production without supplying excess nutrients that contribute to inefficiency or environmental damage.Most nutrient models predict supply of metabol ...