Ray Izquierdo

Background:FAdVs are widely distributed, and some species are associated with important poultry diseases, representing current threats of serious economic losses for the aviculture industry. Some of the diseases include the Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) related with FAdV-C and D infections, hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) related with FAdV-C infections [1,2], gizzard erosion (GE) relate ...

Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) are worldwide-distributed viruses and are the causative agents of the inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens (1). IBH is characterized by hepatic necrosis with microscopic eosinophil or basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes and mortality rates around 10% (2). FAdVs have been grouped into five species (FAdV-A to FAdV-E) on the basis of their genome ...

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus) is an economically significant pathogen of the poultry industry worldwide. It causes low egg and meat production and the highly contagious respiratory disease avian infectious bronchitis (1–3) in poultry. IBV has a high mutation and recombination rate, leading to the frequent appearance of new genotypes and antigenic variant ...

BackgroundNewcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causal agent of a highly contagious and fatal disease that affects poultry and other avian species worldwide [1]. Virulent strains of NDV are capable of causing high mortality (up to 100%) in non-vaccinated chickens [1]. NDV is a member of the genus Avulavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae in the order of Mononegavirals [2]. This virus has a nonsegmen ...