Leongeng Lim

IntroductionHeat stress is one of the major problems of poultry in heat areas of the world including Iran, especially in summer, leading to reduced performance, the production, feed intake, growth rates and effective use of the feed (Sahin ., 2009). In general, birds have a thermal comfort zone, which ranges between 18 to 22 ° C and no problem for the physiological regulation of body temperatu ...

1.BackgroundThe impact on the environment, welfare issues, as well as the economic implications are challenging globally the modern livestock production. Employment of new nutritional strategies to limit the impact of the livestock production on the environment, have become an important task.Optimization in the feed formulation lowering the crude protein content, for the so-called N-reduced feedin ...

INTRODUCTIONAntibiotics used as growth promoters (AGP) have successfully controlled dysbiosis and enteropathogens for the past 50 years (1). However, the recent increase in worldwide non-AGP poultry production is challenging the industry in management, health, and animal welfare due to the increase of enteric and systemic diseases (2, 3). One of the most accepted theories of AGP mechanism is its r ...