Paulo Arruda

Introduction:Congenital tremors is a disease of neonatal pigs characterized by action-related repetitive myoclonus. Despite early documentation (nearly 100 years ago) and worldwide distribution of the disease, the etiology of a majority of contemporary outbreaks remains a mystery but has been speculated to be an unidentified virus. This investigation describes the identification of a divergent lin ...

IntroductionPorcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that was first identified in the United States in May 2013. Epidemiological and controlled experiments have shown that complete feed or feed components can be one of many possible vectors of transmission of PEDV. Because of the potential viral spread by feed and ingredients, reduction techni ...

In the last 10 years, Clostridium difficile has been implicated as a major cause of neonatal diarrhea in pigs.1 Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) typically affects piglets ranging in age from 1 to 7 days. Clinical signs of CDI include diarrhea, abdominal distention, and scrotal edema, with most of the pathology being attributed to toxins A and B.2 The prevalence of C difficile is widespread in ...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), caused by a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus (1–3), was first identified in England in 1971 and later in other countries, such as Belgium, China, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Thailand (4–11). In April of 2013, PED emerged in U.S. swine (12) and was detected in swine herds in 18 U.S. states by the end of October (http://www.aasv.org/pedv /P ...