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Silage and forage
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Yeasts are single-celled, facultative anaerobic eukaryotes that are prevalent in various fermented feeds. Yeasts can negatively affect silage quality by metabolizing available nutrients within the feed which leads to dry matter loss and decreased nutritive value, and by producing ethanol which can lead to off flavors in milk when consumed. Yeasts also oxidize lactic acid, which increases silage pH and promotes the growth of organisms such as mycotoxin-producing molds. Although wild yeasts...
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1. Introduction Increased atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and methane (CH 4 ), are the primary cause of climate change. These emissions result in unpredictable and erratic rainfall, floods, and droughts [1]. In 2020, agriculture contributed 5865.47 MtCO 2 e, representing 12.34% of its total emissions (47,513.15 MtCO 2 e), including land-use change and forestry...
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Dairy goats can be highly productive to the level of exceeding that of dairy cattle on a metabolic body size basis. Far too often and due to limited controlled research studies, feeding practices used for dairy cattle are extrapolated to feeding dairy goats. Similarly, commercial supplements are formulated for sheep and goats even though there are well known nutritional differences, namely copper nutrition where goats have a higher requirement like cattle. Goats are selective browsers...
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Introduction A wide range of in vitro and in situ techniques are used as alternatives to in vivo measurement of ruminal fiber availability. Fiber digestibility and forage fragility are critical factors should to be considered in forage evaluation and diet formulation for ruminants. Digestive characters of dietary neutral detergent fibers (NDF) fraction have been reported to greatly affect feeding behavior, chewing activity, rate of particles...
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India is the largest producer of milk with 187.75 MT production ( Basic animal husbandry statistics, 2019). The average yield is about 1600 Kg/animal whereas the world average is about 2700 kg/animal. Israel and the USA are the leading countries with average yields of about 13000 and 10500 Kg/animal respectively. (UGAM FOUNDATION’S). The USA is the major producer of maize and contributes nearly 35 % of the total production of the world and maize is the driver of the US economy. The USA...
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Introduction The global population is anticipated to reach around 10 billion people by 2050. At the same time the global middle-class is growing significantly particularly in high populous countries such as China and India. The combination of these two factors places significant pressure on global food systems which must be capable of providing food and nutrition security in 2050. The next 30 years are arguably one of the most critical transitions in human history as we approach a...
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INTRODUCTION Preservation of alfalfa as silage is becoming convenient due to the ease of mechanization and reduced susceptibility to weather damage (Khadem et al . 2009). Calberry et al . (2003); Bhandari et al. (2008) and Khadem et al. (2009) reported that cows fed on ration containing chopped alfalfa hay had lower intake than those fed on a diet containing chopped alfalfa silage. But similar milk yield and composition (Calberry et al ....
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Introduction: Smallholder pig farmers in east Africa report that lack of feed, seasonal feed shortages, quality and cost of feed are key constraints to pig rearing. Commercially prepared pig diets are too expensive and there is competition for food between pigs and people. Smallholder farmers typically feed nutritionally unbalanced diets. This results in low average daily gain (ADG) and poor farmer profits. The objective was to compare the ADG of Ugandan pigs fed forage-...
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Introduction The world population is expected to increase by ~2 billion, reaching 9.7 billion in 2050 (UN, 2019). Compared to 2012, this growth of the global population and affluence of emerging economies is predicted to promote a 40 to 55% increase in global demand for meat and dairy products by 2050 (FAO, 2018). Land resources available to expand production is limited, and there is increasing societal pressure to reduce the degradation of natural resources. In addition, animal...
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Introduction The United Nation’s sustainable development goals aim to “…achieve a better and more sustainable future for all” by addressing “…the global challenges we face, including poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace and justice.” These challenges are interconnected and depend on integrating innovative ideas of several science fields to achieve sustainability, especially in livestock production...
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Introduction Lucerne is the main grazed forage of Argentina. However, there is a large yield and consumption gap on most dairy and beef farms. Jáuregui et al. (2019) indicated that < 5 t ha -1 are consumed on average on dairy farms. There is potential to close the gap by increased grazing frequency, particularly during periods of high growth such as spring (Jáuregui et al., 2022). However, the long-term effects of such management on lucerne persistence...
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