Non-Conventional Feeds and Agro Industrial By Products: Their Scope and Future Demand for Livestock Production

India is having only 2.29% of worlds land but 17% of world’s human population and 11% of world’s livestock population. India possesses 529.7 million livestock and 648.8 million poultry birds (Livestock census, 2007). Fast growing human and livestock population, expanding urbanization, shrinking land for crop production and climate change all adds to challenges to ensuring the food and livestock security. Production of Agricultural Crops has been growing at a rate 1.5-2% per annum. Contribution of livestock to agricultural GDP is 24-26% and 4% in total GDP. Despite of number one position in milk production in the world, our milk productivity per animal is lowest i.e. 6.87, 2.14, 4.57 kg/ day in cross breed cattle, indigenous cattle and buffaloes respectively. Main reason behind this is shortage of feeds and fodder, imbalanced feeding although genetic potential is there in animal. So there is need to find out alternative feed resources to fill the gap between demand and supply of nutrient to animal. There is huge hidden potential in Indian livestock. We need to exploit it by decreasing non productive animal population, increasing animal production by balanced feeding and cross breeding simultaneously conserving pure germ line of our livestock. National Dairy Development Board, Anand is working on these areas by increasing awareness and helping farmer in balanced feeding of animal, improving the genetically potential of animal and also different national institutes are working on above highlighted issues.

Dr.Sontakke,very good article in the present context as we have to explore the alternative feed resources to feed our ever growing animal population.keep it up and explore the new areas---- Dr.MBA SIDDIQUI,BVC,MUMBAI

Re: Non-Conventional Feeds and Agro Industrial By Products: Their Scope and Future Demand for Livestock Production 07/01/2014. Dr Sontakke, I must admit the fact that this article has been published at the right time where there exist a competitive demand for the conventional livestock feed ingredients by humans and industries. Hence, this may contribute to solving the problem of short supply of feedstuffs for the livestock industry. KEEP IT UP SIR! --------- ALBERT KANU, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

India farmers has to be encouraged by effective extension techniques in usage of these non conventional substitutes but these are to be supported by the quantification i.e amount of material can safely used/animals & need integration of research work in these lines of safety levels & toxic effects & remedies of toxicity so as to handle overgrazed/overfed

Namasthe. Please let me know the addresses of the dairies which use single cell protein and spirulina. Vandane Ananda,organic farmer, karnataka anand_kpp@rediffmail.com

In the net we could also find articles about chlorella. But as farmer we don,t know how to grow and utilise them . please guide

Pl contact NIANP in your city

Natural pasture that is estimated to contribute to 80–90% of livestock feeds and whose quality is seasonally variable is the main source of feed in arid and semi-arid pastoral areas, while crop residues contribute up to 50% of the feed supply in mixed-farming system. Grazing lands are steadily shrinking by conversion to arable lands, and natural pastures are also restricted to areas that are marginal and have little farming potential. The reduction in natural pasture has led to overutilization and domination by undesirable forage species resulting in partial dependence on crop residues by most ruminants, which has reduced livestock productivity. The increasing human demands for several foods (i.e. olive oil, vegetables, wine, fruit juices, etc.) led to a considerable increase of lands occupied by crops producing these feeds. Consequently, huge amounts of agro-industrial by-products are available in numerous developing countries (e.g. molasses, olive cake, winery marc, etc.), which are still not fully utilized in livestock feeding. Most of these AIBPs are low in main nutrients. Moreover, the difficulty of the use of these feed sources as fresh material for extended periods and the lack of efficient ways for their integration in feeding calendars may account for their under-utilization.

I n my openion, Non-Conventional Feeds and Agro Industrial By Products have key roles in iran because in my country we have shortage of feeds and water supply for planting new forage resources. The nutritive value of most of Non-Conventional Feeds and Agro Industrial By Products in Iran determined. the most problem for use of is gathering an pelleting of them as TMR diet.

Great article Sontakke sir :)) Helped me to alot to complete an assignment. Rounak Singh BVSc AH student at Ranchi Veterinary College

Am a student of ladoke Akin told University of technology Ogbomosho oyo state Nigeria, please i want a project write up on Challenges and Prospect of non conventional feed resources