Therapeutic efficacy of Respowell in sub-clinical Mastitis
Published: February 13, 2009
By: Dr. K R Kalorey - Dept. of Bacteriology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India (Courtesy of Growell India)
In the present field trail apparently healthy cows were included. The history of animals was collected. Initially cows were screened for subclinical mastitis employing California mastitis test. Similarly individual quarter milk samples was collected aseptically for bacteriological investigation.
The cows which were positive for both CMT and cultural examination were further subdivided into two (C and P ) groups. Cows from these groups were treated respectively with C and P preparational. The polyherbal preparation were administered orally @ 40 mg/ kg body weight/ day. The treatment was continued for 7 days. Thereafter all the treated cows were reexamined for status of subclinical mastitis employing California Mastitis test and cultural examination.
The isolates recovered from quarter milk samples were characterised as per standard bacteriological techniques. Total immunoglobulin concentration of quarter milk samples of experimental cows was also studied from quarter milk samples, whey was produced and stored at –20OC until used. The total immunoglobulin concentration of whey was estimated by sodium sulphite precipitation test described by Deshpande et al. (1991).
The cows which were positive for both CMT and cultural examination were further subdivided into two (C and P ) groups. Cows from these groups were treated respectively with C and P preparational. The polyherbal preparation were administered orally @ 40 mg/ kg body weight/ day. The treatment was continued for 7 days. Thereafter all the treated cows were reexamined for status of subclinical mastitis employing California Mastitis test and cultural examination.
The isolates recovered from quarter milk samples were characterised as per standard bacteriological techniques. Total immunoglobulin concentration of quarter milk samples of experimental cows was also studied from quarter milk samples, whey was produced and stored at –20OC until used. The total immunoglobulin concentration of whey was estimated by sodium sulphite precipitation test described by Deshpande et al. (1991).
Results
Detailed history of cows included in present field trail is presented in Table 1.
Before treatment
Group C.
In group C initially 11 animals were selected. Pretreatment all animals were positive for sub clinical mastitis. On quarter basis the prevalence of sub clinical mastitis was 63.63 per cent. Likewise cultural examination revealed 75 per cent quarter culturally positive. The details are presented in Table 2. There was preponderance (75 %) of Staphylococcus as etiological agent. In vitro antibiogram of the isolates revealed that coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS) were highly sensitive to Am (100), Cf (100) Ex (85.71) and M (85.71). However, were resistant to N, Nx, P T and Cl. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) exhibited moderate to high resistance towards Nx, P, S, T and Cl. Similarly other isolates also manifested high degree of resistance (Table 3). The details of total immunologlobulin concentration on quarter basis of six cows is presented in Table 7. Overall, it was observed to be 17.47 mg/ml on animal basis. Overall milk production on the day before initiation of treatment was 9.56 lit/ Day (Table 8).
Group P.
In 11 animals under the group 40.90 and 65.9 per cent quarters respectively were CMT and culturally positive. (Table 2). Major etiological agents were CNS and gram negative organism. (31.03 per cent, respectively). Among CNS spp marked resistance towards P, S, T and Cl was observed. In addition to these antibiotics against Am, C , Nx M high resistance was noted in gram negative organisms (Table 4).Overall, total immunoglobulin levels in cows at a point of pretreatment was 17.10 mg/ ml and average milk production was 11.12 lit/ day/cow (Table 9).
In group C initially 11 animals were selected. Pretreatment all animals were positive for sub clinical mastitis. On quarter basis the prevalence of sub clinical mastitis was 63.63 per cent. Likewise cultural examination revealed 75 per cent quarter culturally positive. The details are presented in Table 2. There was preponderance (75 %) of Staphylococcus as etiological agent. In vitro antibiogram of the isolates revealed that coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS) were highly sensitive to Am (100), Cf (100) Ex (85.71) and M (85.71). However, were resistant to N, Nx, P T and Cl. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) exhibited moderate to high resistance towards Nx, P, S, T and Cl. Similarly other isolates also manifested high degree of resistance (Table 3). The details of total immunologlobulin concentration on quarter basis of six cows is presented in Table 7. Overall, it was observed to be 17.47 mg/ml on animal basis. Overall milk production on the day before initiation of treatment was 9.56 lit/ Day (Table 8).
Group P.
In 11 animals under the group 40.90 and 65.9 per cent quarters respectively were CMT and culturally positive. (Table 2). Major etiological agents were CNS and gram negative organism. (31.03 per cent, respectively). Among CNS spp marked resistance towards P, S, T and Cl was observed. In addition to these antibiotics against Am, C , Nx M high resistance was noted in gram negative organisms (Table 4).Overall, total immunoglobulin levels in cows at a point of pretreatment was 17.10 mg/ ml and average milk production was 11.12 lit/ day/cow (Table 9).
Post treatment
Group C
Post treatment there was slight increase in number (9.09 %) of quarters exhibiting positive CMT reaction. However, culturally only 19 (43.18 %) quarters were positive indicating recovery in 14 (57.57 %) quarters (Table 2). Post treatment also Staphylococci were predominant among the isolates recovered CPS isolates were refractory to N, T and Cl and exhibited least sensitivity towards Cf, G Nx and S. Antibiogram of CNS was also revealed lack of susceptibility towards Nx, T, Cl. (Table 5).
Post treatment overall total Ig concentration of milk was 14.79 mg/ml indicating restoration of Ig levels towards normalcy (Table 7). Post treatment average milk production per cow was 11.21 lit per day indicating average increase in milk yield to the tune of 1.65 lit per cow (Table 8).
Group P
There was non–significant difference in CMT positivity of quarters, however on cultural examination, only 15 (34.09) quarters were positive. i.e. quarter wise recovery rate was 31.81 per cent (Table 2). Post treatment Staphylococci were the mastitogen recovered in majority. Among the isolates, least susceptible towards variety of antimicrobials agents tested was exhibited by gram negative isolates followed by Staphylococci (Table 6). Effect of treatment on level of milk total immunoglobulin was significant. The average concentration of total Ig was 9.8 mg/ml as against 17.10 mg/ml recorded before treatment. Milk production post treatment was observed on an 13.74 lit/day in experimental cows indicating on an average increase of 2.62 lit/day/cow.
Conclusions:
1. Treatment of sub clinical mastitis with polyherbal preparation is effective.
2. The per cent recovery on the basis of cultural examination of quarter milk samples was 31.82 and 31.81 per cent in C and P groups, respectively.
3. An indication of udder inflammation the total immunoglobulin concentration in milk was reduced by treatment in group C (2.73 mg/ ml) P (7.3 mg/ml).
4. On an average milk production per cow was increased to the tune of 1.65 lit/ day in C group and 2.62 lit/ day in the belonging to P treatment group.
On the basis of above findings it is concluded that polyherbal preparations C and P are effective non antibiotic therapeutics preparation for treatment of sub clinical mastitis.
Post treatment overall total Ig concentration of milk was 14.79 mg/ml indicating restoration of Ig levels towards normalcy (Table 7). Post treatment average milk production per cow was 11.21 lit per day indicating average increase in milk yield to the tune of 1.65 lit per cow (Table 8).
Group P
There was non–significant difference in CMT positivity of quarters, however on cultural examination, only 15 (34.09) quarters were positive. i.e. quarter wise recovery rate was 31.81 per cent (Table 2). Post treatment Staphylococci were the mastitogen recovered in majority. Among the isolates, least susceptible towards variety of antimicrobials agents tested was exhibited by gram negative isolates followed by Staphylococci (Table 6). Effect of treatment on level of milk total immunoglobulin was significant. The average concentration of total Ig was 9.8 mg/ml as against 17.10 mg/ml recorded before treatment. Milk production post treatment was observed on an 13.74 lit/day in experimental cows indicating on an average increase of 2.62 lit/day/cow.
Conclusions:
1. Treatment of sub clinical mastitis with polyherbal preparation is effective.
2. The per cent recovery on the basis of cultural examination of quarter milk samples was 31.82 and 31.81 per cent in C and P groups, respectively.
3. An indication of udder inflammation the total immunoglobulin concentration in milk was reduced by treatment in group C (2.73 mg/ ml) P (7.3 mg/ml).
4. On an average milk production per cow was increased to the tune of 1.65 lit/ day in C group and 2.62 lit/ day in the belonging to P treatment group.
On the basis of above findings it is concluded that polyherbal preparations C and P are effective non antibiotic therapeutics preparation for treatment of sub clinical mastitis.
Table 1 : Detail history of experimental animals
|
Animal
No. |
Age in
Months |
No. of
Lactation |
Date of
Calving |
Peak Yield
(Lit/day) |
Current Milk yield (Lit/day)
|
|
3
|
52
|
3
|
13/9/03
|
14
|
11
|
|
4
|
42
|
2
|
10/9/03
|
18
|
8
|
|
5
|
52
|
3
|
17/9/03
|
19
|
15
|
|
6
|
48
|
2
|
14/9/03
|
15
|
13
|
|
7
|
30
|
1
|
21/9/03
|
17
|
13
|
|
8
|
36
|
1
|
25/9/03
|
22
|
14
|
|
9
|
38
|
2
|
9/9/03
|
19
|
12
|
|
10
|
48
|
3
|
17/9/03
|
14
|
8
|
|
11
|
30
|
1
|
14/9/03
|
9
|
8
|
|
13
|
30
|
1
|
6/10/03
|
16
|
11
|
|
15
|
30
|
1
|
21/10/03
|
15
|
12
|
|
16
|
51
|
3
|
15/10/03
|
23
|
12
|
|
17
|
52
|
3
|
4/10/03
|
22
|
16
|
|
18
|
42
|
2
|
3/10/03
|
16
|
11
|
|
21
|
52
|
3
|
17/10/03
|
23
|
12
|
|
23
|
52
|
3
|
19/10/03
|
18
|
14
|
|
24
|
52
|
3
|
19/10/03
|
15
|
13
|
|
28
|
28
|
1
|
17/11/03
|
21
|
14
|
|
29
|
27
|
1
|
25/10/03
|
14
|
10
|
|
32
|
32
|
1
|
10/10/03
|
17
|
12
|
|
33
|
48
|
3
|
15/11/03
|
22
|
10
|
|
34
|
30
|
1
|
15/10/03
|
16
|
8
|
Table 2 : Details of CMT reaction and cultural examination (quarter wise) and bacterial isolates from experimental groups (Pre & Post treatment).
|
Group C
|
|||||||||||
|
Pretreatment
|
No. of CMT positive quarters
|
CMT reaction (Grades)
|
Culturally positive quarters
|
Organisms found in the culture
|
|||||||
|
1+
|
2+
|
3+
|
4+
|
CPS
|
CNS
|
Streptococcus
spp. |
GNR
|
Micrococci
|
|||
|
28
(63.63%) |
18
|
05
|
03
|
02
|
33
(75.00%) |
07
|
16
|
02
|
04
|
02
|
|
|
Post treatment
|
32
(72.72%) |
12
|
12
|
07
|
01
|
19
(43.18%) |
05
|
08
|
00
|
03
|
03
|
|
Group P
|
|||||||||||
|
Pretreatment
|
18
(40.90%) |
11
|
04
|
03
|
00
|
29
(65.90) |
01
|
09
|
04
|
09
|
03
|
|
Post treatment
|
20
(45.45%) |
09
|
08
|
03
|
00
|
15
(34.09) |
03
|
07
|
00
|
03
|
01
|
- CPS – Coagulase positive staphylococci ,
- CNS - Coagulase negative staphylococci ,
- GNR – Gram negative rods
Table 3 : Details of bacterial isolates from treatment group C and their in vitro antibiogram (Before treatment).
|
Antibiotic
|
CPS (7)
|
CNS(16)
|
GNR(4)
|
Strepto(2)
|
Micrococcus(2)
|
|
Am
|
100
|
87.50
|
25
|
50
|
50
|
|
C
|
71.42
|
68.75
|
50
|
50
|
100
|
|
Cf
|
100
|
75.00
|
100
|
0
|
50
|
|
Ci
|
71.42
|
87.50
|
75
|
50
|
100
|
|
Ex
|
85.71
|
81.25
|
100
|
50
|
100
|
|
G
|
57.54
|
81.25
|
100
|
50
|
100
|
|
N
|
14.28
|
75.00
|
25
|
100
|
0
|
|
Nx
|
14.28
|
50.00
|
75
|
0
|
50
|
|
P
|
42.85
|
50.00
|
25
|
100
|
50
|
|
S
|
71.42
|
50.00
|
50
|
50
|
50
|
|
T
|
42.85
|
25.00
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
M
|
85.71
|
100
|
0
|
100
|
100
|
|
Cl
|
14.28
|
0
|
25
|
50
|
0
|
Am- Amoxycillin, C- choromphenicol, Cf- ciprofloxacin, Ci- ceftriaxone, Ex- enrofloxacin, G- gentamycin, N- Neomycin, Nx- Norfloxcin, P- penicillin G, S- streptomycin, T- tetracycline, M- methycilline, Cl- clostin
Table 4 : Details of bacterial isolates from treatment group P and their in vitro antibiogram (Before treatment).
|
Antibiotic
|
CPS (1)
|
CNS(9)
|
GNR(9)
|
Strepto(4)
|
Micrococcus(3)
|
|
Am
|
100
|
77.77
|
33.33
|
100
|
100
|
|
C
|
100
|
66.66
|
44.44
|
50
|
66.66
|
|
Cf
|
100
|
88.88
|
88.88
|
75
|
66.66
|
|
Ci
|
0
|
88.88
|
66.66
|
75
|
100
|
|
Ex
|
0
|
100
|
66.66
|
75
|
66.66
|
|
G
|
100
|
77.77
|
77.77
|
100
|
100
|
|
N
|
0
|
66.66
|
77.77
|
50
|
33.33
|
|
Nx
|
100
|
66.66
|
33.33
|
0
|
66.66
|
|
P
|
100
|
11.11
|
11.11
|
25
|
33.33
|
|
S
|
0
|
44.44
|
22.22
|
50
|
66.66
|
|
T
|
0
|
22.22
|
11.11
|
25
|
33.33
|
|
M
|
100
|
88.88
|
11.11
|
100
|
100
|
|
Cl
|
0
|
11.11
|
33.33
|
0
|
66.66
|
Table 5 : Details of bacterial isolates from treatment group C and their in vitro antibiogram (after treatment).
|
Antibiotic
|
CPS (5)
|
CNS(8)
|
GNR(3)
|
Micrococcus(3)
|
|
Am
|
100
|
100
|
33.33
|
100
|
|
C
|
60
|
42.85
|
33.33
|
100
|
|
Cf
|
20
|
57.14
|
66.66
|
66.66
|
|
Ci
|
60
|
71.42
|
100
|
100
|
|
Ex
|
100
|
57.14
|
100
|
66.66
|
|
G
|
40
|
71.42
|
66.66
|
100
|
|
N
|
0
|
57.14
|
66.66
|
66.66
|
|
Nx
|
40
|
0
|
100
|
0
|
|
P
|
60
|
42.85
|
0
|
66.66
|
|
S
|
40
|
71.42
|
100
|
0
|
|
T
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
66.66
|
|
M
|
100
|
85.71
|
33.33
|
100
|
|
Cl
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
66.66
|
Table 6 : Details of bacterial isolates from treatment group P and their in vitro antibiogram (after treatment).
|
Antibiotic
|
CPS (3)
|
CNS(7)
|
GNR(3)
|
Micrococcus(1)
|
|
Am
|
100
|
100
|
33.33
|
100
|
|
C
|
100
|
57.14
|
0
|
100
|
|
Cf
|
66.66
|
85.71
|
0
|
100
|
|
Ci
|
66.66
|
57.14
|
66.66
|
100
|
|
Ex
|
66.66
|
100
|
100
|
0
|
|
G
|
33.33
|
100
|
66.66
|
0
|
|
N
|
33.33
|
14.28
|
33.33
|
0
|
|
Nx
|
66.66
|
71.42
|
0
|
0
|
|
P
|
66.66
|
42.85
|
0
|
0
|
|
S
|
0
|
71.42
|
33.33
|
0
|
|
T
|
33.33
|
28.57
|
66.66
|
0
|
|
M
|
100
|
100
|
0
|
100
|
|
Cl
|
0
|
14.28
|
66.66
|
100
|
Table 7 : Average total whey immunoglobulin level (mg/ml) in experimental animals
|
Cow No.
|
Total Immunoglobulin concentration (mg/ ml)
|
|
|
C Group
|
|
|
|
3
|
18
|
17.5
|
|
5
|
13.6
|
15.75
|
|
6
|
19.0
|
15.0
|
|
8
|
17.5
|
15.0
|
|
9
|
19.0
|
11.0
|
|
7
|
17.75
|
14.5
|
|
Overall average
|
17.48
|
14.50
|
|
P Group
|
|
|
|
13
|
19.0
|
7.5
|
|
15
|
19.0
|
11.0
|
|
16
|
18.0
|
11.0
|
|
18
|
16.5
|
09.0
|
|
23
|
15.5
|
10.5
|
|
24
|
19.0
|
10.5
|
|
28
|
14.5
|
10.0
|
|
29
|
18.5
|
8.5
|
|
32
|
12.0
|
08.0
|
|
33
|
19.0
|
12.0
|
|
Overall average
|
17.10
|
09.8
|
Table 8: Average daily milk production (in Liter) of C group
|
Animal no.
|
Day of treatment
|
||||||
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
|
|
3
|
6.0
|
11.0
|
10.8
|
10.6
|
10.0
|
10
|
10.0
|
|
4
|
7.8
|
9.4
|
7.8
|
8.4
|
7.2
|
9.2
|
9.2
|
|
5
|
13.6
|
14.0
|
13.4
|
14.2
|
13.2
|
12.8
|
12.8
|
|
6
|
12.0
|
12.0
|
12.4
|
12.2
|
12.8
|
11.8
|
12.8
|
|
7
|
10.0
|
11.2
|
13.6
|
13.2
|
13.6
|
12.0
|
13.6
|
|
8
|
7.4
|
9.8
|
12.8
|
12.8
|
13.0
|
14.2
|
13.0
|
|
9
|
9.0
|
11.2
|
12.8
|
12.8
|
12.0
|
11.8
|
12.0
|
|
10
|
6.4
|
7.8
|
9.6
|
9.8
|
11.0
|
10
|
10.0
|
|
11
|
7.0
|
6.0
|
6.4
|
5.8
|
5.2
|
5.8
|
5.2
|
|
17
|
18.0
|
14.2
|
13.6
|
16.0
|
12.0
|
15.6
|
16.0
|
|
34
|
8.0
|
7.6
|
7.6
|
8.8
|
8.8
|
8.4
|
8.8
|
|
Av. milk production
|
9.56
|
10.38
|
10.98
|
11.32
|
10.80
|
11.05
|
11.21
|
|
Av. increase
|
|
0.82
|
1.42
|
1.76
|
1.24
|
1.49
|
1.65
|
Table 9 : Average daily milk production (in Liter) of P group
|
Animal no.
|
Day of treatment
|
||||||
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
|
|
13
|
9.0
|
11.0
|
11.0
|
11.0
|
11.0
|
13.0
|
11.6
|
|
15
|
11.0
|
12.0
|
12.0
|
12.2
|
12.6
|
13.8
|
14.2
|
|
16
|
14.0
|
12.0
|
12.0
|
12.2
|
11.8
|
18.8
|
15.0
|
|
18
|
8.0
|
11.0
|
10.8
|
11.8
|
11.4
|
12.2
|
9.0
|
|
21
|
11.0
|
10.0
|
11.0
|
12.4
|
12.0
|
13.0
|
14.2
|
|
23
|
12.0
|
14.0
|
11.6
|
11.2
|
13.8
|
14.2
|
14.6
|
|
24
|
-
|
10.0
|
10.0
|
11.2
|
12.0
|
11.6
|
14.0
|
|
28
|
12.4
|
14.0
|
12.6
|
12.4
|
11.8
|
14.1
|
10.2
|
|
29
|
10.0
|
10.0
|
10.0
|
12.2
|
12.2
|
14.0
|
16.4
|
|
32
|
12.8
|
11.6
|
12.6
|
12.2
|
12.2
|
14.0
|
16.4
|
|
33
|
11.0
|
10.0
|
12.0
|
12.0
|
13.6
|
12.0
|
15.6
|
|
Av. milk production
|
11.12
|
11.41
|
11.41
|
11.89
|
12.21
|
13.70
|
13.74
|
|
Av. increase
|
|
0.29
|
0.29
|
0.77
|
1.09
|
2.58
|
2.62
|
Related topics:
Authors:
Growell Group
Recommend
Comment
Share
Would you like to discuss another topic? Create a new post to engage with experts in the community.
Featured users in Dairy Cattle
