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Artificial insemination in dairy cattle
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Lecture given as part of bpt (German National Veterinarians Association) meeting 2024, held as part Euro Tier exhibition, Hannover, Germany. Israel is a small country located in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea. The territory of Israel is 22 thousand square kilometers (Germany is 16 times larger than Israel). Almost two thirds of Israel’s territory is desert and only 20% of it is used for agriculture. Israel population is approximately...
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Semen of most mammalian species can be sexed with greater than 90% accuracy with an instrument called a flow cytometer/cell sorter. Unfortunately, the process is slow relative to the number of sperm in a typical artificial insemination dose. Furthermore, the process damages sperm, although to a lesser degree than current procedures for cryopreservation. Because of these limitations, commercially available sexed semen for artificial insemination has lower sperm numbers per...
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In mid-June this year, I realized a professional visit to Spain, where I lectured at a national conference organized by one of the country’s most popular dairy newspaper, Vaca Pinta, followed by a week of lecturing and consultancy for large scale dairy farms with MSD, realized in different regions of Spain. Among the visited regions were Talavera, south of Madrid, Galicia, in the northwest of the country, in the Atlantic coast and then the regions close to the cities of Girona and...
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Artificial insemination (AI) is a process by which sperm are collected from the male, processed, stored and artificially introduced into the female reproductive tract for the purpose of conception. AI has become one of the most important techniques ever devised for the genetic improvement of farm animals. It has been most widely used for breeding dairy cattle and has made bulls of high genetic merit available to all. HISTORY OF...
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The summer of 2020 will be remembered as one of the hottest summers in Israel in decades. The summer heated many agricultural sectors, including the dairy industry. Beyond high heat load conditions throughout the summer, two unusual heat waves stood out in particular. The first heat wave was in May and the second in early September, as can be seen in fig 1. Fig. 1 – average daily milk production (kg) per cow in Israel in 2020. (blue line 2019, red...
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Proper semen handling is essential to maintain optimum reproductive performance of your AI breeding program. To maintain the high quality of semen you purchased from your Select Sires representative, you must pay strict attention to the many details of semen handling outlined is this brochure. SEMEN PACKAGING AND STORAGE Select Sires packages conventional semen in ½ milliliter straws. Gender Selected semen and...
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Dr. Reuben Mapletoft, professor in the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Saskatchewan, Canada was invited to the X International Symposium of Animal reproduction, Cordoba, Argentina to speak about Recent Developments in Timed Artificial Insemination in Beef Cattle....
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The summer heat stress is one of the largest causes of economic losses to dairy farms in the world. In particularly hot regions, a drop of more than 1,500 liters par lactation from cow’s potential is reported, with a loss in potential annual net income of about $ 600 per cow. Optimizing cow cooling can reduce the annual production loss to less than 200 liters, and the financial loss to almost $ 100, improving per cow profitability by 500 $, annually. In recent years, we started...
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In the beef cattle industry, there has been discussion in many shapes and forms concerning feeding and nutrition of purebred cattle. Often the perception by purebred breeders is that purebred cattle (PB) have somewhat different nutrient requirements than commercial (COM) cattle. This may be true in some respects but possibly not for the reasons producers suspect. This article will discuss some of these perceptions.
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Artificial insemination is a powerful tool for genetic improvement that enhances the value of bred heifers. A longer duration of estrus and more mounting activity makes the detection of estrus in heifers easier than in lactating cows, thus heifers are generally more sexually active than cows and easier to catch in estrus.
For optimum fertility, heifers should have three or more estrous cycles before the breeding season begins. If the goal is to average 24 months of age at first...
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The effects of dietary rumen-protected choline on mammary DNA methylation patterns
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During the past 50 years that AI has been practiced in the U.S. the fertility of virgin heifers has remained relatively constant at approximately 65% first service conception; whereas, the first service conception rate for lactating cows has decreased approximately 33% from 60 to 40%. Conception per insemination is the outcome resulting from a multitude of factors that interact in an intricate fashion. Female fertility, male fertility, environmental factors, and techniques used in AI...
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It´s simple - accurate heat detection programs lead to higher pregnancy rates. Higher pregnancy rates result in more pregnant cows, fewer days open and more profitability for the dairy. Having spent 11 years as the manager of a breeding team in Saudi Arabia and 14 years on different dairies (in Arizona and Oregon), I have seen firsthand the universality of good heat detection programs. Regardless of herd size, facility...
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Selsaf®, a natural source of selenium with dual protection and dual benefits
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INTRODUCTION Detection of estrus (heat) is often cited as the most costly component and undoubtedly, the major limiting factor to the success of A.I. programs on many dairy farms. Incorrect detection of estrus is related to loss of income due to extended calving intervals, milk loss, increased veterinary cost, increased heifer rearing cost, and slowed genetic progress. To achieve excellent heat detection, many...
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The bottom line when measuring reproductive performance of a dairy herd is days open/calving interval. Three major components of days open are: Heat detection efficiency. Conception rate. Days to first service. Days to first service is determined by the voluntary waiting period (time after calving that allows for uterine involution and resumption of normal cycling activity) and heat detection efficiency. For many years,...
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John.B Cole from the USDA speaks about the genomic improvement programs for the US dairy cattle and the quality of their genetics. He also talks about what to expect when you use genomics, and what kind of platform to include in your genetic program. He also says that genomics are useful for getting genetic information earlier, make decissions earlier and that they increase the accuracy of prediction....
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Iris Kolkman speaks about the indications and contraindications of C-sections and when is it necessary to perform them. She also speaks about the issues that can appear for example an oversized calf or a contaminated uterus, and how to implement c-sections in different cases such as standing cows or laying cows....
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Alexander Evans from Inatega speaks about reproduction of dariy cattle, maternal nutrition and feedment developments. He talks about tue importante of feedment during the early months of pregnany and also abou the managing of progesterone during pregnancy....
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Dr. Ray Nebel, Senior Reproductive Specialist for Select Sires Inc, USA, speaks about the economical impact of the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Commercial Dairy Farms at the Proleche Dairy Day in Cordoba, Argentina, July 2013. ...
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The effects of dietary rumen-protected choline on mammary DNA methylation patterns
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Optimized systems for timed artificial insemination (TAI; Pregnancy per AI of 40 to 50%) entail controlling the period of follicle dominance, need to sustain progesterone exposure throughout the period of ovulatory follicle development, induction of complete luteolysis in lactating dairy cows, and finally the need to optimize timing of AI relative to induction of ovulation. Nevertheless, factors such as anovulation,...
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Introduction Reproductive efficiency of the dairy herd is important to the economic success of the dairy operation. One of the most important reproductive technologies implemented by the dairy industry is artificial insemination (AI). Artificial insemination reduces the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among cattle as well as increases the use of genetically superior sires to improve performance of the herd. ...
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