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Aquaculture breeding and genetics
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Plans to pour tankfuls of genetically altered fish into wild lakes and rivers have been given the go-ahead in the United Kingdom after conservation scientists backed the project. According to a recent study, releasing the modified fish for anglers to catch is a better option than traditional trout farming and may even benefit native trout populations. That's because the fish have been engineered to be sterile, so they won't breed with vulnerable wild strains. These so-called...
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Farming of the South American vannamei shrimp, which is cheaper to breed and which is claimed to be resistant to many common fish diseases, is likely to be allowed in India shortly. This is to counter the Chinese threat to Indian export of black tiger and other shrimp varieties which are more expensive than Chinese shrimps on the international market. China, the leading producer of vannamei shrimp, has in the recent years dumped the vannamei in the United States and Japan, the two...
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Some salmon are more easily infested with salmon lice than others. Utilising this in the breeding of farmed salmon can save millions and reduce the infestation pressure of salmon lice among wild salmonids. These are the findings of a recent Nofima research project. Recent media coverage has indicated that salmon lice have become resistant to anti-lice medication. However, one measure is breeding a farmed salmon that is infested by salmon lice to a lesser extent than...
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The anticipated arrival of a Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Black Tiger shrimp being bred in Brunei could carve a niche in international high value seafood markets. During the Sixth Aquaculture Seminar organised by the Fisheries Department on Saturday, the local shrimp industry was informed that the SPF process is nearly complete with genetically improved post-larvae available in September. Dr George Chamberlain, Technical Director of Integrated Aquaculture International (TAT)...
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Clean Seas Tuna Limited said that extensive trials in 2007 and 2008 led to the world’s first onshore Aquaculture production of fertilised Southern Bluefin Tuna eggs and viable larvae. The company said it expected to reach its ultimate goal of commercialisation of fingerlings in 2009. Managing director Marcus Stehr trials are ongoing and male Southern Bluefin tuna are continuing to spermiate and are being closely monitored and recorded. Chairman Hagen Stehr said that the...
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Landcatch Chile has achieved significant improvements in the welfare and commercial performance of Atlantic salmon since AQUA SUR 2006, says José Manuel Bernales, the company’s general manager. "We’re constantly seeking improvements in the genetics of our stock and have achieved some major advances in the two years since aquaculture’s global leaders were last in Puerto Montt," he said, speaking at AQUA SUR 2008 this week. "Working closely with our sister companies in...
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Australian aquaculture pioneer, Clean Seas Tuna Limited has been hailed as the first organisation in the world to create an artificial breeding regime for Southern Bluefin Tuna. The successful collection of significant quantities of SBT sperm and eggs spawned by captive tuna in Clean Seas’ purpose-built land-based breeding facility at Arno Bay will allow the realisation of the company’s plans to close the lifecycle of SBT, potentially establish a valuable SBT sperm bank and secure...
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Significant improvements in the welfare and commercial performance of Landcatch Atlantic Salmon are being achieved by the Scotland and Chile-based breeding company, Landcatch Natural Selection Ltd. (LNS). LNS is the first company to successfully locate a major gene which affects resistance to infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a discovery which is now being used commercially to further improve IPN resistance in Landcatch Atlantic salmon. Initially unveiled in headline terms...
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Catfish farmers hope that research at Auburn University makes the state’s haul of catfish bigger, healthier and cheaper than ever before. Zhanjiang Liu, an AU alumni professor in the department of fisheries and allied aquacultures — the science of raising water-based animals in a controlled environment — and his research team are hoping to breed catfish that grow bigger on less food, and that are more disease resistant than current catfish. To do that, the team is going back to...
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Queensland lungfish may be regarded as unusual and totally protected, but Gordon Hides has about 7000 of them. "We have worked out how to breed them where the scientists couldn't," said Hides, who with his wife, Linda, operates the world's only commercial lungfish farm at Howard, near Maryborough. And they export young lungfish to fish fanciers all over the world at $500 each. "There's been a lot of talk, with scientists getting on the bandwagon, about...
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The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) of India is all set to produce next generation smart shrimps or Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) shrimps in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ''We wanted a highly bio-secure area for our project for which we had requested the Ministry of Commerce and Industries as well as the territory's administration to declare the islands as bio-secure zone,'' MPEDA chairman G Mohan Kumar told UNI. Mr Kumar said there has been...
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The rearing of steelhead trout in hatcheries causes a dramatic and unexpectedly fast drop in their ability to reproduce in the wild, a new Oregon State University study shows, and raises serious questions about the wisdom of historic hatchery practices. The research, to be published in the journal Science, demonstrates for the first time that the reproductive success of steelhead trout, an important salmonid species, can drop by close to 40 percent per captive-reared generation. The...
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Malta's progress in aquaculture research is being acknowledged, as shown by the fact that the country has been asked to participate in the SELFDOTT programme together with scientists from seven other countries, Minister George Pullicino said. Whilst visiting the aquaculture centre at Fort San Lucjan on Tuesday, the Minister said that the progress being made in the field has brought more foreign investment to the country as well as the acknowledgement of Malta as one of the main centres...
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Farmers can expect to increase their profit substantially due to the recent launch of domesticated & SPF Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) seed by MOANA, the leading aquaculture company in the development and supply of genetically improved and disease free seed of Black Tiger Shrimp. The product will be launched first in Vietnam (February 2008) and immediately thereafter in India and Thailand (July 2008). Stagnation in Black Tiger Shrimp...
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Jim Pillow, owner of Pillow's Fish Farm in Paragould, Ark., has been raising catfish for roughly 20 years. His 200-acre farm encompasses 40 open-air ponds and yields 1 to 1.2 million pounds of catfish annually, all of which are fed vegetarian pellets of corn and soybean meal. "We don't use pesticides or fertilizers," Pillow says. "The only chemical that we use is copper sulfate, if the fish get a fungus." And copper sulfate is a relatively benign chemical that doesn't...
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Meanwhile, tagging reveals migration secrets of declining population and breeding area in Gulf of Mexico. Ocean historians affiliated with the Census of Marine Life have painted the first detailed portrait of a burst of fishing from 1900 to 1950 that preceded the collapse of once abundant bluefin tuna populations off the coast of northern Europe. The chronicle of decimation of the bluefin tuna population in the North Atlantic is being...
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The financial success of an aquaculture species is dependent on an advanced understanding of the biology, nutrition and environmental management of the production cycle. Optimal growth and performance can be affected by disease outbreaks and physiological and immune status. Stress and environmental conditions are closely interlinked (Varsamos et al., 2006) and can lead to reduced performance and susceptibility to disease. Short periods of subclinical challenge with opportunistic...
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A study along the Great Barrier Reef has linked climate fluctuations with changes in fish populations for the first time. Researchers at the Australian Institute of Marine Science have been examining the effects of climate events such as El Nino on reef fish numbers for 13 years. Ecologist Alistair Cheal says those events cause huge changes in water temperatures, wind speed and water circulation. "All these things can actually effect the breeding success of reef fishes...
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The immune mechanisms used by invertebrates to fight viral infections remain poorly understood. This lack of information has had a negative impact on the ability of the aquaculture industry to put in place effective measures to control viral diseases. Our studies are focused on identifying the molecular basis for recognition and response to viral infections in the marine shrimp L. vannamei. To better understand the role of critical genes, research has focused on applying a reverse...
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Watching the ebb and flow of populations of fisheries around the world can provide some insight into understanding the effects of global warming on our planet, according to a group of researchers writing in the summer 2007 issue of Natural Resource Modeling. The fact that fisheries are closely tied to human health and species health across the globe adds to their significance. "Fisheries are a globally important economic activity, not the least from the perspective of human nutrition...
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