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Aquaculture breeding and genetics
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Salmon of the Americas, an ocean farmed salmon trade association, recently announced that the consumption of farmed salmon could help increase the sustainability of the wild species. As the demand for fresh fish continues to rise, wild salmon can supply only approximately one third of the world demand for salmon. As a result, aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food production solutions to help ensure the sustainability of the renewable resource. Currently, approximately 25...
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A breeding programme has boosted the numbers of an endangered species of British crayfish. The white-clawed crayfish is threatened by a deadly "crayfish plague" and competition from a brash American cousin that was introduced to the country in the late 1970s. The conservation project, launched in 2003 in the Yorkshire Dales, has produced 300 juveniles this year - making it the UK's most successful breeding programme for the native species.
The white-clawed crayfish...
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There is good evidence that increased variability in Major Histocompatibility (MH) genes, which are part of the immune system's recognition processes, allow an individual to be more effective at combating pathogens. Not surprisingly, therefore, mechanisms within reproduction (such as active mate choice) are known that promote MH genetic variability. We examined whether similar mechanisms exist within sperm-egg compatibilities in Atlantic salmon. Using in vitro fertilization...
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The Oceanic Institute is soliciting bids from qualified farmers for the purchase of Pacific threadfin (moi) stocks (4) derived from a recently completed moi selective breeding project. Recipient of research products must demonstrate suitable capability (facilities/expertise) to maintain moi stocks. Available stocks include: (A) Fifteen (15) eight year old F1 broodstock including 13 females, one male, and 1 unknown...
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The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most important aquaculture species in the world, and Norway is one of the largest producers. The present study was initiated in response to a request from the Norwegian police authority to identify the farm of origin for 35 escaped rainbow trout captured in a fjord. Eleven samples, each consisting of approximately 47 fish, were collected from the three farms operating in the fjord where the escapees were captured. In order to gain a...
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In just one year, the cod at the National Cod Breeding Centre are already five months ahead of their fellow species from the previous year.
Measurements show the 2007 year class, which were transferred to sea cages in February this year, reached a weight of one kilo on average in November.
Cod from the 2006 year class achieved this average weight five months later.
According to calculations, the cod will weigh 3.5 kilos when they are ready for...
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You can tell when a fish has changed sex just by looking at its ears.
At least, Australian marine biologists Stefan Walker and Mark McCormick can - having just pioneered a new breakthrough for studying the behaviour and productivity of fish populations.
The researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and James Cook University have solved one of the major problems confronting fisheries biologists in determining the sustainability of fish populations -...
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Striped bass in the San Francisco Estuary are contaminated before birth with a toxic mix of pesticides, industrial chemicals and flame retardants that their mothers acquire from estuary waters and food sources and pass on to their eggs, say UC Davis researchers.
Using new analytical techniques, the researchers found that offspring of estuary fish had underdeveloped brains, inadequate energy supplies and dysfunctional livers. They grew slower and were smaller than offspring of...
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When we think of farming, we usually think of green pastures and cows. Rarely do we think of the ocean.
Clean Seas Tuna is in the aquaculture industry with the aim of farming southern bluefin tuna, essentially reproducing the complete lifecycle from egg to adult fish.
Another part of its business is breeding and selling kingfish and mulloway.
Clean Seas Tuna's expertise comes from its parent company and main shareholder, the Stehr Group, which has three decades of...
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The Hyderabad-headquartered National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) is planning to establish a specific pathogen-free (SPF) shrimp seed (Penaeus monodon – black tiger prawn) multiplication centre at Mulapolam village in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. The board has acquired 100 acre of private land for the purpose, for which Hong Kong-based Moana Technologies will be the technical partner. “Black tiger shrimp seed is usually collected from the wild, resulting in the...
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A new study by researchers in Oregon and British Columbia has found that survival of juvenile salmon and steelhead during their migration to the sea through two large Northwest rivers – the Columbia and the Fraser – is remarkably similar despite one major difference. The Columbia River has a series of dams, while the Fraser has none. However, the researchers point out, there clearly are other differences between the rivers. And though the study – using both acoustic and transponder tags...
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Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) is an esteemed food fish, especially along the U.S. Great Lakes, where it is renowned for its sweetness. The supply of yellow perch from the Great Lakes has dwindled over the past 30 years, yet demand for this food fish remains high. In an effort to meet this demand, perch farmers are starting to employ indoor recirculation technology to avoid the seasonal limitations of pond production. Using recirculating technology, farmers are looking to produce a continuous...
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In Bangladesh, freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming is currently one of the most important sectors of the national economy, and during the last two decades its development has attracted considerable attention for export potential. Within the overall agro-based economy of the Bangladesh, the contribution of prawn (locally known as golda) production is important to its people for livelihoods, income and food supply. In 2006, Bangladesh exported 49,317 tons of prawn and shrimp...
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Scientists are spawning snook in captivity and releasing them back into the wild. "We try to make it as natural of an environment as possible for them in the tanks to get them mature," said Mote Marine Laboratory biologist Matt Resley. The snook were born in captivity at Mote's Aquaculture Park in Sarasota, a research facility meant to help increase the snook population. "Right now stocks in the wild are being depleted," Resley...
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The Atlantic bluefin tuna is the largest and most sought-after of all tunas, weighing as much as 1,400 pounds and capable of fetching as much as $50,000 or more in Asian markets where its meat is a prized commodity, one big reason why its numbers have declined precipitously since the 1970s. New research findings reported in Science have critical implications for how bluefin tuna are managed on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. A team of international researchers led by Dr. Jay Rooker of...
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Sturgeons usually do not breed naturally in captivity and must be spawned artificially using exogenous hormones. The timing of their migratory spawning behavior (e.g., upriver migration from the ocean), presence of ripe fish in the spawning grounds, and external appearance of the brood fish have traditionally been used to assess the stage of maturity and specific time of spawning. However, assessment of ready to spawn (ripe) sturgeon based simply on behavioral and external sex-limited...
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Dr Ioanna Katsiadaki, a researcher from the Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas) and based in Weymouth, received confirmation today of grant funding for her work to replace, reduce or refine the use of animals (the "3Rs") in research and testing. The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), an independent funding organisation set up by the Government in 2004, awarded Dr Katsiadaki a grant of...
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Fish born to promiscuous females may be at a disadvantage because of their behaviour, according to researchers at the University of Western Australia. Centre for Evolutionary Biology scientists, Dr Jonathan Evans and Dr Jennifer Kelley, focused on studying the effects of polyandry - where females mate with two or more males within a reproductive cycle. As a result, the female's eggs may be fertilised by more than one male, meaning that the offspring can be either paternal full siblings...
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Transport along country roads from Tromsø to Lofoten would have caused considerable stress for the cod larvae, so the solution was a helicopter flight. Staff at the National Cod Breeding Centre on Kvaløya near Tromsø needed to clear the car park to make space for the chartered helicopter. The helicopter was filled to the brim with 40 cases containing a total of five million live cod larvae swimming in salt water. The actual flight to the Lofitorsk facility for cod fry at...
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Responses in isolated cells due to external influences may give us an indication of how the entire organism would respond in such cases. NIFES has established cultures of embryonic stem cells isolated from turbot, halibut and cod, in order to study such alterations. All living organisms have stem cells. These cells are unspecialised cells which can divide several times and turn into more specialised cells which then adopt specific functions in the body. There are several...
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