Gao Yanxia

Dairy cows alter their metabolic, hormonal, mineral, and immunological systems as they transition from pregnancy to lactation. Following parturition cows are unable to consume enough nutrients to meet the energetic demands of lactation (and maintenance costs) and as a result enter into negative energy balance (NEB). During NEB, coordinated changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (i.e., decrea ...

For the last few months, it seems that immunity has been at the forefront of our thought process – not just for the dairy industry but world-wide. While everyone has been focused on staying healthy and have become increasingly aware of the importance of a well-functioning immune system (IS), these are concepts that the dairy producer needs to keep in mind almost every day. The IS in all ani ...

INTRODUCTIONFeed (ration) formulation is a technique by which different feed ingredients are combined to provide required nutrient to animals for a period of time, usually 24 hours, at different stages of production. A ration should supply all essential nutrients and energy to maintain vital physiological functions of growth, reproduction and health of animals. Ration ...