Jian Zhang

I. INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, there has been a growing public interest in animal welfare in Australia (De Witte, K., 2009). Consumers expect continual and comprehensive improvements in poultry production (Li, Ren, Li, & Zeng, 2020). The health and product quality of poultry also is linked to their welfare. Healthy hens with better emotions tend to lay more eggs of higher quality (Eggs, 2023) ...

I. INTRODUCTIONThe welfare of all farmed livestock is of importance to the consuming public. Australian consumers especially have some concerns about welfare within more intensive animal production systems, such as commercial egg farms (Rachel et al., 2017). Most consider cage-free and free-range production systems to be more `natural` and associate this with `good` animal welfare (Buddle et al., ...