Article published the December 4, 2023
1. IntroductionArtificial insemination (AI) in modern pig reproduction requires liquid-stored extended-semen. Extenders provide sperm with nutrients to maintain metabolic processes (1), prevent cold shock (2), control osmotic pressure and pH (3), and antibiotics present in extender inhibit bacterial growth (4). Despite the substantial improvements made on extender formulations in recent years, the ...
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