Arif Anwar

I. INTRODUCTIONSpotty Liver Disease (SLD) is characterized by the occurrence of multiple grey/white spots in the liver. It causes mortalities and reduction in egg output and is prevalent within the layer industry in Australia, especially within the free range sector of the industry (Grimes & Reece, 2011). The disease is less commonly found in barn and cage birds and parent stock (Scott, 2016). ...

I. INTRODUCTIONSpotty Liver Disease (SLD) is characterised by increased mortality, particularly around the time of peak egg production, the occurrence of multiple grey/white lesions in the liver, and reduction in egg output. It is caused by Campylobacter hepaticus (Van et al., 2016), which responds to therapeutic antibiotics, although resistance has been reported (Grimes and Reece, 2011). In this ...