ALEJANDRO CALDERON

Miguel A Pérez The correct answer to the supplemental choline replacement question depends on the endogenous content of choline in the diets. As I have said previously, ALL of choline's contribution in methylation is mediated through its conversion to betaine. Therefore, ALL of this requirement for choline can be effectively met by supplemental betaine. If what is provided from the rest of the f ...

Dear Prof. Donzele. Please be aware that creatine content of all forms of animal byproducts is EXTREMELY variable; C of V for fish meal approaches 100%. Whilst we do indeed need to progress to a situation where we define an actual creatine requirement for all classes of vertebrate livestock, reliance on animal byproducts should account for this extreme variability. MPS

John Thomson In the open forums of Engormix (international), I suggest that we all use scientifically correct terms for discussions on animal nutrition to avoid any misunderstanding. Protein is part of an animal tissue but animal protein is not an animal tissue. An animal tissue can contain physiologically important non-protein functional substances, such as creatine, taurine, glutathione, and pol ...

Neither animal protein nor plant protein contains creatine. However, some animal-sourced feedstuffs, such as meat meal and meat & bone meal, provide a relatively large amount of creatine plus phosphocreatine for livestock, poultry, fish and crustaceans.